Transnationalism in Southern African Literature
ROUTLEDGE RESEARCH IN POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURES
Edited in collaboration with the Centre for Colonial and Postcolonial Studies, University of Kent at Cantebury, this series presents a wide range of research into postcolonial literatures by specialists in the field. Volumes will concentrate on writers and writing originating in previously (or presently) colonized areas, and will include material from non-anglophone as well as anglo phone colonies and literatures. Series editors: Donna Landry and Caroline Rooney.
- Magical Realism in West African Fiction: Seeing with a Third Eye by Brenda Cooper
- The Postcolonial Jane Austen edited by You-Me Park and Rajeswari Sunder Rajan
- Contemporary Caribbean Womens Poetry: Making Style by Denisede Caires Narain
- African Literature, Animism and Politics by Caroline Rooney
- CaribbeanEnglish Passages: Intertextuality in a Postcolonial Tradition by Tobias Dring
- Islands in History and Representation edited by Rod Edmond and Vanessa Smith
- Civility and Empire: Literature and Culture in British India, 18221922 by Anindyo Roy
- Women Writing the West Indies, 18041939: A Hot Place, Belonging To Us by Evelyn OCallaghan
- Postcolonial Pacific Writing: Representations of the body by Michelle Keown
- Writing Woman, Writing Place: Contemporary Australian and South African Fiction by Sue Kossew
- Literary Radicalism in India: Gender, Nation and the Transition to Independence by Priyamvada Gopal
- Postcolonial Conrad: Paradoxes of Empire by Terry Collits
- American Pacificism: Oceania in the U.S. Imagination by Paul Lyons
- Decolonizing Culture in the Pacific: Reading History and Trauma in Contemporary Fiction by Susan Y. Najita
- Writing Sri Lanka: Literature, Resistance and the Politics of Place by Minoli Salgado
- Literature of the Indian Diaspora: Theorizing the Diasporic Imaginary by Vijay Mishra
- Secularism in the Postcolonial Indian Novel: National and Cosmopolitan Narratives in English by Neelam Srivastava
- English Writing and India, 16001920: Colonizing Aesthetics by Pramod K. Nayar
- Decolonising Gender: Literature, Enlightenment and the Feminine Real by Caroline Rooney
- Postcolonial Theory and Autobiography by David Huddart
- Contemporary Arab Women Writers by Anastasia Valassopoulos
- Postcolonialism, Psychoanalysis and Burton: Power Play of Empire by Ben Grant
- Transnationalism in Southern African Literature: Modernists, Realists, and the Inequality of Print Culture by Stefan Helgesson
Transnationalism in Southern African Literature
Modernists, Realists, and the Inequality of Print Culture
Stefan Helgesson
First published 2009
by Routledge
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Simultaneously published in the UK
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This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008.
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2009 Stefan Helgesson
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Helgesson, Stefan.
Transnationalism in southern African literature : modernists, realists, and the inequality of print culture / by Stefan Helgesson.
p. cm. (Routledge research in postcolonial literatures ; 23)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Southern African literatureHistory and criticism. 2. Books and readingAfrica, SouthernHistory. 3. Transnationalism in literature. 4. Transnationalism. I. Title.
PL8014.S63H45 2009
809'.9335868dc22
2008012560
ISBN 0-203-43151-0 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN10: 0-415-46239-8
ISBN10: 0-203-43151-0
ISBN13: 978-0-415-46239-6
ISBN13: 978-0-203-43151-1
For Sonya, Clara, and Samuel
Preface
This book owes something to my fathers daily trips from our home in Kensington, Johannesburg, to his office in Braamfontein in the early 1970s. I once followed him there and had a vague feeling that this Bureau of Literacy and Literature, which he led in the years before the Soweto uprising in 1976, was more modest than its name implied. But its initiative to combat illiteracy in South Africa was in fact so successful that the apartheid government decided to infiltrate it (after my father had left the organization).
Literacy, literature, and power. In retrospect, I see that the links were obvious, even in my childhood. It is possible to read Transnationalism in Southern African Literature as an oblique response to that early conditioning.
The chapters that follow are a series of interconnected essays dealing with southern African literature in English and Portuguese in the years between (roughly) 1945 and 1975. Proceeding from the assumption that the story of modern African literature is also the story of the print medium in colonial modernity, each chapter focuses on separate questions: world literature and postcolonialism in
The chapters also form two distinct sections. Chapters revolves around work by the Angolan writer Castro Soromenho, the South Africans Nadine Gordimer, Ezekiel Mphahlele and Bloke Modisane, and the Mozambican Lus Bernardo Honwana. Hence, if the first part of the book sifts through journals and critical essays, sometimes at a far remove from high literature, in order to extract the notions of literariness and newness that they generate, the second part reverses the procedure by looking at how typically literary genres inscribe their own material conditions of possibility. I shift in this respect gradually from letters to literature. My ambition to compare the contested lusophone and anglophone literary modernities of southern Africa remains, however, constant throughout.
Acknowledgments
The major part of this book was written and researched in Pietermaritzburg, at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Those two years were more valuable to me than I can express. My gratitude extends to everyone involved in the English Studies Research Seminar and the Centre for African Literary Studies. Special thanks go to Duncan Brown and Jill Arnott for their professional generosity and rigour; to the librarians at the Cecil Renaud library; to Liz Gunner, my dear mentor for two years (ngiyabonga!); and to Kai Easton, academic comrade in arms. Exchanges with Ana Mafalda Leite, Patrick Chabal, Isabel Hofmeyr, Sarah Nuttall, Catherine Woeber, Ashraf Jamal, Stephen Gray, Elleke Boehmer, Irikidzayi Manase, Michael Marais, David Attwell, Ivan Vladislavi, Tom Odhiambo, Francisco Noa, and Marcia Schuback have, in different parts of the world and at various stages in this drawn-out process, been of crucial importance. NELM in Grahamstown was a rich and exceptionally well-organized source of bibliographical information.