Ronald Kramer - Culture, Crime and Punishment

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CULTURE, CRIME AND PUNISHMENT

CULTURE, CRIME
AND PUNISHMENT

RONALD KRAMER

Ronald Kramer, under exclusive licence to Macmillan Education Limited 2021

All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission.

No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 610 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.

Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

The author has asserted their right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

First published 2021 by
RED GLOBE PRESS

Red Globe Press in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Education Limited, registered in England, company number 01755588, of 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW.

Red Globe Press is a registered trademark in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.

ISBN 978-1-352-01086-2 hardback
ISBN 978-1-352-01082-4 paperback

This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

CONTENTS

List of Figures and Tables

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Cultural approaches to crime and punishment

The structure of the book

Theoretical foundations

Introduction

Positivist criminology: Theories of crime and punishment

Radical constructivism

Sociological criminology: Theories of crime

Robert Merton and Albert Cohen: Crime as resolution

David Matza and Gresham Sykes: Subterranean values

The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS): Subcultural resistance

Howard Becker: Crime as a label

Reverberations within cultural criminology: Criminalised behaviour

Sociological criminology and the problem of punishment

Howard Becker redux: Rule enforcers and moral entrepreneurs

Hall and colleagues: Class structure, constructions of deviance and policing crisis

Edwin Lemert and Stan Cohen: Secondary deviance and amplification

Reverberations within cultural criminology: Punishment and social control

Some lingering doubts and unresolved problems

Methodological approaches and the politics of research

Introduction

Positivist criminology: Methodological predilections and political values

Cultural criminology: The quest for meaning

Ethnography

Textual analysis

The politics of cultural criminology

Nothing new to see here: Pat Carlen and Dale Spencer

Conclusion

The concept of culture and criminalised behaviour

Introduction

Culture of poverty arguments

Poverty of dominant cultures: The problem of concurrent inclusion and exclusion

The escapism of edgework and the carnival

Crime as project: Restoring ones moral universe and meaningful political engagements

Conclusion

Critiques of cultural criminology on crime

Introduction

Feminist theory, criminology and cultural criminology

The ideological import of resistant subcultures: Critical Marxism and the neglect of foresight

Can the resistance thesis be rescued?

Is cultural criminology without a concept of culture?

Can the duality of culture be resolved?

Conclusion

The framing of crime and social control efforts

Introduction

Ideology

Discourse

Moral panics

Loops and spirals

Conclusion

Consuming crime and punishment

Introduction

Making sense of the media: Types, the factual and the fictional, a powerful socio-cultural institution

Media types and forms of content

Fact and fiction or fact/fiction?

Media performance debates: Serving the public or adjuncts of power and authority?

The conservative view: Media as corrosive of social order

Irrational fear and punitiveness

Collective realities: The rational kernel within media distortion

Malicious media: The reproduction of power asymmetries

Media and power

Media as commodity: Production processes, victimisation, exploitation

Modes of resistance: Creative crimes and newsmaking criminology

Conclusion

Culture and punishment

Introduction

Freeing punishment from crime: Georg Rusche and Otto Kirchheimer

Capital versus discourse: Cultures of control

Two Durkheimian models: Reinforcing moral boundaries and pollution crises

Kai Erikson and the reinforcement of cultural order

Philip Smith and the cultural regulation of punishment techniques

Feminist interventions: From culture and punishment to culture/punishment

Conclusion

Criminal justice and new policies on crime control

Introduction

A general note on recent trends in criminal justice policy

Mandatory sentencing or sentencing guidelines, and truth in sentencing

Preventive detention and sexual predator laws

The war on drugs (and, more broadly, adopting a war mentality in relation to crime)

Broken windows and zero-tolerance policing

The peculiarity of punitive policy

Media and public policy

Penal populism

The new penology and neoliberal state-crafting

Conclusion

Conclusion

References

Index

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

Figures

0.1 A visual summary of cultural criminology

0.2 Power lines and the hierarchical organisation of social groups

Tables

3.1 Concepts of culture and criminalised behaviour

5.1 Summary of core concepts concerning representational practices

6.1 Media types and content types

6.2 Perspectives on consuming media portrayals of crime and punishment

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This book would not have been possible without the help of many people. I am especially indebted to Lloyd Langman, an incredibly supportive and patient editor, who has provided invaluable guidance and advice throughout the writing and publication process. Emily Lovelock, Amy Brownbridge and Peter Hooper have also helped to ensure timely completion of the book, for which I am appreciative. It was a pleasure to work with Pandurangan Krishna Kumar, who managed many aspects of the books production and final stages.

I am also grateful to the anonymous reviewers who provided constructive criticism on earlier versions of the manuscript. As one can only hope from the review process, those who read earlier drafts did their very best to save me from embarrassing myself. Of course, I doubt very much that they (or anyone else) could succeed in such an endeavour, and so any errors, questionable interpretations, defective arguments in short, whatever problems one might find with the text are my own.

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