Galanis Anthony - Biobased and environmental benign coatings

Biobased and Environmental Benign Coatings

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Materials Degradation and Failure Series

Studies and investigations on materials failure are critical aspects of science and engineering. The failure analysis of existing materials and the development of new materials demands in-depth understanding of the concepts and principles involved in the deterioration of materials The Materials Degradation and Failure series encourages the publication of titles that are centered on understanding the failure in materials. Topics treating the kinetics and mechanism of degradation of materials is of particular interest. Similarly, characterization techniques that record macroscopic (e.g., tensile testing), microscopic (e.g., in-situ observation) and nanoscopic (e.g., nanoindentation) damages in materials will be of interest. Modeling studies that cover failure in materials will also be included in this series.

Series Editors: Atul Tiwari and Baldev Raj
Dr. Atul Tiwari, CChem
Director, R&D, Pantheon Chemicals
225 W. Deer Valley Road #4
Phoenix, AZ 85027 USA
Email:

Dr. Baldev Raj, FTWAS, FNAE, FNA, FASc, FNASc
Director, National Institute of Advanced Studies
Indian Institute of Science Campus
Bangalore 560 012, India
Email:

Publishers at Scrivener
Martin Scrivener()
Phillip Carmical ()

Copyright 2016 by Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.

Co-published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey, and Scrivener Publishing LLC, Salem, Massachusetts.
Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Names: Tiwari, Atul, editor. | Galanis, Anthony, editor. | Soucek, Mark D., editor.
Title: Biobased and environmental benign coatings / edited by Atul Tiwari, Anthony Galanis, and Mark D. Soucek.
Description: Salem, Massachusetts : Scrivener Publishing ; Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, 2016. |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015049858| ISBN 9781119184928 (cloth) |
ISBN 9781119185116 (Adobe PDF) |
ISBN 9781119185109 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Coatings. | Coatings--Environmental aspects.
Classification: LCC TA418.9.C57 B56 2016 | DDC 667/.9--dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015049858

ISBN 978-1-119-18492-8

Preface

An enormous volume of petrochemicals is being consumed in the preparation of coatings for a wide variety of applications. The ever-growing demand and competitive edge in industry has compelled scientists to develop new materials that are high performance and cost-effective. The global sale in the coating industry is estimated to be approximately $127 billion that includes areas such as industrial, architectural, decorative, protective, and energy related etc. An exceedingly large volume of petrochemicals used to manufacture coatings has led to severe environmental damage from volatile organic compounds that continuously outgas throughout the lifespan of the products.

Due to the vast amounts of chemical ingredients being used around human, plant, and other animal life forms, it becomes imperative that ingredients used in preparing such compounds are environmentally and human friendly. The biobased chemicals are increasingly being utilized in making new coatings; however, such formulations do not always meet the stringent properties demanded by industry compared with their synthetic counterparts. Inferior thermal and environmental stability along with the increased competitive cost often pose challenges on the reaction mechanistic routes adopted by scientists.

A major portion of such biobased ingredients is that these are derived from our live feedstocks and that poses additional burdens on the growers. Agricultural scientists are working tirelessly on devising new genetically engineered crops that can be used to create protective materials consumed by an exponentially expanding human population. For example, genetically modified soybean and linseed oils are the new ingredients for biobased coatings. Development of biobased coatings is in its infancy and toxicologists are concerned of possible negative implications on human health after prolong usage as the new genetically modified crops have not yet been tested for long term stability. It is a common misperception that cheapest is easiest to make although the reverse is true with coatings and paints. It is worth noting that more than sixty variable parameters need to be tested and verified on coatings before any product can achieve a commercial success.

New raw materials, relatively untested compositions, elevated cost and inferior properties compared to the petroleum-based competitors constantly pose immediate threats to utilization of new biobased or benign coating materials. An extended knowledge of chemical and physical science along with engineering technology is needed for such a demanding product development. Although numerous open and patented literatures are flooded with compounds that claim lucrative properties from relatively new formulas, it is crucial to educate students and researchers who are involved in such technological developments. This book is a collection of articles written on various process parameters involved in the development of complex environmental benign high performance coatings. The first few chapters of this book describe the state-of-the-art technologies presently available. The conversion of soybean oil to polyvinyl ether and use of cerium and ferrite compounds in coatings are described in these chapters. Similarly, there is a dedicated chapter on the use of coatings and films on fruits and vegetables. The next few chapters of this book are meant for the developers who will learn the new concepts helping those formulating innovative products for commercial success. For example, the use of biobased epoxy to replace bis-phenol A-based epoxy resin in coating is discussed in a separate chapter followed by a chapter on silica-based sol-gel coatings. The use of fatty acid for the manufacturing of waterborne coatings is also discussed. Finally, the book focuses on the various testing and evaluation parameters followed by new conceptual methods. The utilization of pharmaceutical inhibitors or recycled polymers in coatings is reviewed in detail along with nonisocyanate cured polyurethane coatings.