Z. M. Seagal - Atlas of Topographical and Pathotopographical Anatomy of the Head and Neck

Z. M. Seagal is an Honoured Scientist of the Russian Federation and the Udmurt Republic, Honorary Academician of the Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Head of the Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, Doctor of Medical Sciences, and Professor.

Topographical and Pathotopographical Medical Atlas of the Head and Neck.

The atlas presents topographical and pathotopographic human anatomy for both the adult and the child. The section Head includes cerebral and facial parts according to the areas. Layer topographic anatomy, variant, computer and MRI-topographic anatomy are presented in the section. The surgical anatomy of congenital malformations of the head includes cerebral hernia and hydrocephalus, and of the face - macrostomy, coloboma, clefts of hard and soft palate. In the section Neck there are given individual and age differences, fasciae and cell spaces, triangles and vascular-neural bundles, collateral blood supply of the brain in injuries or occlusion of the main neck arteries, topography of the neck organs. All the pictures are colorful and original. The atlas is written in accordance with the educational program of medical universities of the Russian Federation. The original graphs of logical structures are presented according to the sections of topography and congenital malformations. This allows an effective study of the subject.

This atlas is intended for the students of General Medicine, Pediatrics and Dentistry faculties, as well as for interns, residents, postgraduate students and surgeons. The monograph is intended to be used by physicians, junior physicians, medical residents, lecturers in medicine, and medical students.

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Limits, outer orienteers. The head is separated from the neck with the line which begins on chin elevation protuberantia mentalis, after that it laterally continues across the lower mandible edge, continues by the lower semicircle of outer aural meatus, goes on to the upper nuchal line, linea nuchae superior, and ends on both sides on outer elevation of occipital bone with protuberantia occipitalis externa. In general, the head is divided into cerebral cranium cranium cerebrale and facial cranium cranium faciale.

Limits: The cerebral cranium is separated from facial cranium with the anatomical formations described below. It is limited by glabella by the middle line. Afterwards this line goes along the brow arch, arcus superciliaris, then - by the rear edge of the processus zygomaticus ossis frontalis and processus frontosphenoidalis ossis zygomatici, then the line goes on by the zygomatic arch, then it continues vertically to the rear edge of the ascending branch of the mandible, and afterwards it continues on the bottom margin where it ends after connecting with a similar line coming from the opposite side forming protuberantia mentalis.

Area division: The cerebral cranium can be divided into the cranium base, basis cranii, and the cranium fornix (or dome) which is also called calvaria. The cranium base is divided into inner one (basis cranii interna) and external one (basis cranii externa). Calvaria is divided into frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal and mastoid regions (regg. Frontalis, parietalis, occipitalis, temporalis et mastoidea).

Regio frontalis (or the frontal area) is located within the frontal region. Its limiting line begins in the lower part of glabella, spreads to the sides across eyebrow arches, crosses the zygomatic process of the frontal bone, continues upwards across temporal line, and then ascends by the projection line of the coronal suture.

Regio parietalis (parietal region). Limits: anterior limit is the coronal suture, lambdoid suture is the rear limit, temporal line limits it from the sides.

Regio occipitalis (occipital region) is located within the squama of the occipital bone. Limits: lambdoid suture limits it from the top and from the sides and the line drawn horizontally from one apex of mastoid bone to another limits it from below. Its called linea bimastoidea.