Borden Neil M. - Imaging Anatomy of the Human Brain: A Comprehensive Atlas Including Adjacent Structures

Neil M. Borden, MD Neuroradiologist Associate Professor of Radiology The University of V ermont Medical Center Burlington, V ermont Scott E. Forseen, MD Assistant Professor , Neuroradiology Section Department of Radiology and Imaging Georgia Regents University Augusta, Georgia Cristian Stefan, MD Medical Education Consultant Former Pr ofessor , Departments of Cellular Biology and Anatomy , N eurology and Radiology Medical College of Georgia at Geor gia Regents University Augusta, Georgia Illustrator Alastair J. E. Moore, MD Medical Illustrator Clinical Instructor , Department of Radiology The University of V ermont Medical Center Burlington, V ermont A Compr ehensive Atlas Including Adjacent Structures New Y ork

Alastair J. E. Moore, MD Medicine is an ever-changing science. Resear ch and clinical experience ar e continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our understanding of pr oper tr eatment and dr ug therapy . The authors, editors, and publisher have made every effort to ensur e that all information in this book is in accor dance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book. Nevertheless, the authors, editors, and publisher ar e not re sponsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences fr om application of the information in this book and make no warranty , expressed or implied, with r espect to the contents of the publication. Every r eader should examine car efully the package inserts accompanying each drug and should care fully check whether the dosage schedules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufactur er diff er from the statements made in this book. Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly r eleased on the market. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Borden, Neil M. I maging anatomy of the human brain : a comprehensive atlas including adjacent stru ctures / Neil M. Bor den, Scott E. Forseen, Cristian Stefan. pages ; cm I ncludes bibliographical refer ences and index. I SBN 978-1-936287-74-1 1. BrainAnatomy . 2. BrainImaging. I. Forseen, Scott E. II. Stefan, Cristian (Medical Education Consultant) III. T it le. QM455.B67 2015 612.8dc23 2015015004 Special discounts on bulk quantities of Demos Medical Publishing books are available to corporations, p rofessional associations, pharmaceutical companies, health car e orga nizations, and other qualifying groups. For details, please contact: Special Sales Department Demos Medical Publishing, LLC 1 1 W est 42nd Str eet, 15th Floor New Y or k, NY 10036 Phone: 800-532-8663 or 212-683-0072 Fax: 212-941-7842 E-mail: specialsales@demosmedical.com Printed in the United States of A merica by Bang Printing. 15 16 17 18 / 5 4 3 2 1

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ix Steven P . Braf f, MD, F ACR Former Chairman, Department of Radiology The University of V ermont Medical Center Burlington, V ermont Andrea O. V ergara Finger , MD Clinical Instr uctor , Department of Radiology The University of V ermont Medical Center Burlington, V ermont Dave Guy , AS, RDMS Ultrasound T echnologist The University of V ermont Medical Center Burlington, V ermont Tim othy J. Higgins, MD Assistant Professor of Diagnostic Radiology The University of V ermont Medical Center Burlington, V ermont Scott G. Hipko, BSR T , (R)(MR)(CT) Senior MRI Resear ch T echnologist UVM MRI Center for Biomedical Imaging The University of V ermont Medical Center Burlington, V ermont Alastair J. E. Moore, MD Medical Illustrator Clinical Instr uctor , Department of Radiology The University of V ermont Medical Center Burlington, V ermont Sumir S. Patel, MD Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia Thomas Gorsuch Powers, MD Clinical Instr uctor , Department of Radiology The University of V ermont Medical Center Burlington, V ermont Mitchell Snowe, BS The University of V ermont NER VE Lab Burlington, V ermont

x CONTRIBUTORS Ashley Stalter , BS, RDM Ultrasound T echnologist The University of V ermont Medical Center Burlington, V ermont Richard W atts, DPhil Associate Professor of Physics in Radiology UVM MRI Center for Biomedical Imaging The University of V ermont Medical Center Burlington, V ermont Fyodor W olf, MS Web Developer IS&T Boston University Boston, Massachusetts Rachel Rose W olf, MA MS Candidate, Speech-Language Pathology MGH Institute of Health Professions Boston, Massachusetts

xi I am writing this pr eface having just left the annual meeting of the American Society of Functional Neuroradiology (ASFNR). My experience at this meeting has underscor ed the idea that we have come so far in the field of neuroimaging since the inception of the specialty of neur oradiology , yet we ar e only scratching the surface. W e have gone beyond the scope of what we can grossly see with the most sophisticated neur oimaging tools available and ar e now investigating the brain on a microstru ctural/cellular , biochemical, genetic, metabolic, and neuroelectrical basis. Emer ging techniques in functional FMRI, such as activation task-based fMRI, resting state connectivity fMRI, ultra-high r esolution dif fusion tensor imag - ing (DTI), positron emission tomography (PET), spectr oscopy as well as magnetoencepha - lography (MEG), are pr oviding us with an immense compilation of data to analyze. These advanced imaging techniques are pushing the limits of some of our brightest scientists to make sense of this immense volume of data. Knowledge of neuroanatomy is and will always be an imperative, despite the new dir ec - tion neuroradiology is taking. Knowledge of cer ebral surface anatomy and moving deeper into the cortex and subcortical structure s is the fundamental basis of traditional neuroim - aging techniques. The incredible complexity of the deceptively bland appearance of white matter (WM) on standard high-r esolution MRI imaging is now r evealed using DTI. Pr evious neuroanatomists have dissected some of the lar ge bundles of WM tracts making them visible to the human eye, yet only now are we able to see them using DTI MR techniques. This atlas of cerebral anatomy will pr ovide the r eader with the basic building blocks one needs to move forward in the journey into the r ealm of neur oscience and advanced neuroimaging. An Introduction to the Development, Or ganization, and Function of the Human Brain in is followed by a meticulous presentation of neur oanatomy utilizing multiple imaging modalities to provide a solid framework and r esourc e atlas for clinicians, resear ch - ers, and students in the neurosciences and r elated fields. Neil M. Borden, MD