Paul W. Flint - Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery (3-Volume Set)

Seventh Edition

Paul W. Flint MD, FACS

Professor and Chair, Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

Howard W. Francis MD, MBA, FACS

Richard Hall Chaney Sr. Professor and Chair, Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina

Bruce H. Haughey MBChB, MD, FACS, FRACS

Medical Director, Oncology, Advent Health Celebration, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Advent Health Medical Group, Orlando, Florida

Collaborative Professor, Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Morsani School of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida

Adjunct Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Auckland Faculty of Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand

Marci M. Lesperance MD

Professor, Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery

Chief, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Valerie J. Lund CBE, MBBS, MS, FRCS, FRCS(Ed), FACS(Hon)

Professor Emeritus, Rhinology and Anterior Skull Base Surgery, University College London and Royal National Throat, Nose, and Ear Hospital London, UCLH, London, United Kingdom

K. Thomas Robbins MD

Professor Emeritus, Division of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery

Executive Director Emeritus, Simmons Cancer Institute at SIU

Simmons Endowed Chair of Excellence in Oncology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois

J. Regan Thomas MD

Professor, Facial Plastic Surgery, Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.

Ste. 1600

Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899

CUMMINGS OTOLARYNGOLOGYHEAD AND NECK SURGERY, SEVENTH EDITION Standard Edition ISBN: 978-0-323-61179-4

International Edition ISBN: 978-0-323-61216-6

Copyright 2021 by Elsevier Inc.

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Previous editions copyrighted 2015, 2010, 2005, 1998, 1993, 1986.

Notices

Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

The Publisher

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Printed in Canada

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Dunia Abdul-Aziz MD

Instructor
Department of Otolaryngology
Harvard Medical School
Massachusetts Eye and Ear
Boston, Massachusetts

Waleed M. Abuzeid MD

Clinical Instructor
Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery
Stanford Sinus Center
Palo Alto, California

Meredith E. Adams MD, MS

Associate Professor
Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Peter A. Adamson OOnt, MD, FRCS(C), FACS

Professor, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery
University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Edem S. Agamah MD, MS

Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine
Division of Hematology and Oncology
Department of Internal Medicine
Southern Illinois School of Medicine
Springfield, Illinois

Yuri Agrawal MD

Associate Professor
Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

Faisal I. Ahmad MD

Fellow
Head and Neck Surgery
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, Texas

Mostafa M. Ahmed MD

Assistant Professor
Carl R Darnall Army Medical Center
Fort Hood, Texas

Seth A. Akst MD, MBA

Anesthesiologist and Critical Care Physician
TeamHealth Anesthesia
Department of Anesthesiology
Sibley Memorial Hospital
Johns Hopkins Medicine
Washington, DC

W. Greer Albergotti MD

Assistant Professor, Head and Neck Surgery
Medical College of Georgia
Augusta University
Augusta, Georgia

Sheri L. Albers DO, FAOCR

Director
Radiology Research and Consultation
Sacramento, California

Clint T. Allen MD

Associate Professor
Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland

Abdulmalik S. Alsaied MD

Otolaryngologist
Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery
Medical College of Georgia
Augusta University
Augusta, Georgia

King Fahd University Hospital
Khobar, Saudi Arabia

Mohamedkazim Alwani MD

Resident Surgeon
Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana

Jennifer Christy Alyono MD

Clinical Assistant Professor
Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, California

Carryn Anderson MD

Clinical Associate Professor
Department of Radiation Oncology
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
Iowa City, Iowa

William B. Armstrong MD

Professor and Chair
Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery