KINSHIP, HONOUR AND MONEY IN RURAL PAKISTAN
NORDIC INSTITUTE OF ASIAN STUDIES
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Nordic Institute of Asian Studies
Monograph Series, No. 78
First published in 1999
by Curzon Press
Published 2013 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY, 10017, USA
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Typesetting by the Nordic Institute of Asian Studies
Alain Lefebvre 1999
Publication of this volume was assisted by a grant from the Danish Council for Development Research (Danida)
British Library Catalogue in Publication Data
Lefebvre, Alain
Kinship, Honour and Money in Rural Pakistan : subsistence economy and the effects of international migration. - (NIAS monographs ; no. 78)
1.Men - Employment - Pakistan - Punjab 2.Labour mobility
3.Labour policy - Pakistan - Punjab 4.Punjab (Pakistan) - Economic conditions 5.Punjab (Pakistan) - Social conditions 6.Punjab (Pakistan) - Economic policy
I.Title
331.09545
ISBN 13: 978-0-700-70984-7 (hbk)
Figures
Entrance to Chahiwala village
General view of Baranpur
Boys school in Chahiwala
Girls school in Chahiwala
The Quranic school in Chahiwala
Traditional forms of ploughing (Chahiwala)
Goats returning from the fields at the end of the afternoon (Chahiwala)
Idd-ul-Fitr festival in the house of the leader of the Virck biraderi (Chahiwala)
People of the class of craftsmen harvesting rice under the supervision of the landowner, seen smoking a water-pipe (Chahiwala)
Old landowner couple harvesting their wheat fields (Baranpur)
Police and army forces are common job opportunities for the villagers
Private rice-mills in Siranwali offer some of the few renumerated jobs to villagers
Barbers shop at the bridge over the Upper Marala-Ravi Link (Chahiwala)
Tailor stitching clothes before the celebration of the Idd-ul-Fitr festival (Chahiwala)
Friday cattle market in Siranwali, where people of the Fakir zat are involved in buffalo trading
Hussain from the Kashmiri zat prepares sweets for a landowners household where a wedding is taking place
Professional storyteller of the Qureshi zat (Chahiwala)
Professional entertainers of the Merassi zat playing music in the households of landowners after the rice harvest
Extended family of a migrant working in Abu Dhabi (Chahiwala)
Amir, headman of his biraderi, surrounded by his relatives (Chahiwala)
Holding ostentatious wedding parties is one of the main uses of foreign remittances. Here a son of a barbers family gets married, wearing necklaces of banknotes
A traditional house of a family without a migrant (Chahiwala)
Migrants houses are large, have several storeys, and are made of brick
Wheat-grinder purchased with migrants remittances (Baranpur)
Landowner woman cleaning seeds from cotton (Chahiwala)
Landowner woman threshing wheat (Baranpur)
Aisha, of the water-carrier zat, roasts wheat (Chahiwala)
Shaheda in her shop (Chahiwala)
Woman of the craftsmens class making a basket (Chahiwala)
Display of a brides dowry in a migrants household (Chahiwala)
Dispute between Sultana and women from her tenants biraderi (Chahiwala)
Fresh chapatis are a must at every meal (Baranpur)
Fetching water is a daily duty for young girls (Baranpur)
Maps
The northern area of the Punjab showing the placement of Chahiwala and Baranpur
Chahiwala
Baranpur (central part)
Dhok Dhimal
Dhok Ghazi
Tables
Division of landholdings in both villages (in acres)
Sub-division of landholdings in the village with rainfed agriculture
Breakdown of Baranpur landowners according to religion before Partition (no. of households)
Breakdown of Baranpur tenants according to religion before Partition (no. of households)
Distribution of craftsmen in Chahiwala village (1981)
Distribution of the landowners zat in Chahiwala village (1981)
Breakdown of the Chahiwala population in 1982
Breakdown of the Baranpur population in 1982
The agricultural cycle in Chahiwala
The agricultural cycle in Baranpur
Prices of domestic animals in both villages
Average expenditure for fertilizers and HW seeds in the two villages (Rs per year)
Evolution of the landowner population in Baranpur (no. of households)
Distribution of households in Chahiwala according to source of income
Distribution of households in Baranpur according to source of income
Average monthly budget of landowners in Chahiwala (in Rs)
Average monthly budget of landowners in Baranpur (in Rs)
Rates of the annual seypi payment for the blacksmith-carpenter in Chahiwala
Monthly budget of craftsmen in the two villages (in Rs)
Chahiwala villagers opinion on international labour migration (in households without migrants)
Baranpur villagers opinion on international labour migration (in households without migrants)
Level of education and occupation of a sample of migrants from the landowner class