Sheri M. Berg MD - The MGH Review of Critical Care Medicine

THE MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL REVIEW OF CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE Section Editors Peter J. Fagenholz, MD Instructor in Surgery, Harvard Medical School Assistant in Surgery, Department of Surgery Division of Trauma Emergency Surgery, and Critical Care Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Jarone Lee, MD MPH Instructor in Surgery, Harvard Medical School Trauma, Emergency Surgery, Surgical Critical Care Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Ala Nozari, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School Team Leader, Neurosurgical Anesthesia; Attending Physician, Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Co-Director, Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Womens Hospital Training Program in Neurosurgical Anesthesia Assistant Anaesthetist, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Ulrich Schmidt, MD, PhD, FCCM Associate Professor Department of Anesthesia Critical Care, Pain Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts THE MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL REVIEW OF CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE Editors:Sheri M. Berg, MD Instructor of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Edward A. Bittner, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School Program Director, Critical Care Medicine Fellowship Associate Director, Surgical Intensive Care Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Product Manager: Nicole T. Dernoski Production Editor: Alicia Jackson Manufacturing Manager: Beth Welsh Design Coordinator: Joan Wendt Compositor: Integra Software Services Pvt. 2014 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, a WOLTERS KLUWER BUSINESS Two Commerce Square 2001 Market St. 2014 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, a WOLTERS KLUWER BUSINESS Two Commerce Square 2001 Market St.

Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA LWW.com All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. Printed in China Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Massachusetts General Hospital critical care board review / Sheri M.

Berg, MD, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, Edward A. Bittner, MD, PhD, associate director for education, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, editors; Massachusetts General Hospital critical care board review, section editors, Jarone Lee, MD, MPH, Instructor in Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Trauma, Emergency Surgery, Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts [and three others]. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4511-7368-0 1. Critical care medicineHandbooks, manuals, etc. 2.

Medical emergenciesHandbooks, manuals, etc. I. Berg, Sheri M. II. Bittner, Edward A., 1967- III. IV. IV.

Title: Critical care board review. RC86.8.M3935 2014 616.02'8dc23 2013028741 Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner. The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions.

This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug. Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice. To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at (800) 638-3030 or fax orders to (301) 223-2320. International customers should call (301) 223-2300. Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet: at LWW.com.

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer service representatives are available from 8:30 am to 6 pm, EST. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To our fellows: past, present, and future Contributors Young K. Ahn, MD Assistant Clinical Professor Division of Critical Care Department of Anesthesia University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles, California Hasan B. Alam, MD Norman Thompson Professor of Surgery Section Head, General Surgery University of Michigan Hospital Ann Arbor, Michigan Rebecca Aslakson, MD Assistant Professor The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Aranya Bagchi, MBBS Instructor in Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Boston, Massachusetts Lorenzo Berra, MD Assistant Professor of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School Assistant Anaesthetist, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Edward A. Bittner, MD, PhD Associate Director for Education Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Torrey Boland, MD Fellow, Neurocritical Care Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham & Womens Hospital Centennial, Colorado David Boldt, MD Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California Kathryn L. Butler, MD Instructor in Surgery Division of Acute Care Surgery and Critical Care Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Mark Caridi-Scheible, MD Emory University School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Atlanta, Georgia Christopher M.

Celano, MD Attending Psychiatrist Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Jonathan E. Charnin, MD Instructor, Harvard Medical School Anesthetist and Staff Intensivist Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts George Z. Cheng, MD, PhD Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Daniel Chipman Assistant Director Massachusetts General Hospital Respiratory Care Services Boston, Massachusetts Jason Chua, MD Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California