Carter John - Virology: Principles and Applications

Contents

This edition first published 2013 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Copyright 2013, 2007 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Cover image: Glass Sculpture of HIV virus courtesy of Wellcome Images

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Carter, John B., 1944

Virology : principles and applications / John Carter, Venetia Saunders. 2nd ed.

p.; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-119-99143-4 (cloth) ISBN 978-1-119-99142-7 (pbk.)

I. Saunders, Venetia A., 1949- II. Title.

[DNLM: 1. Viruses. 2. Virus Diseases. QW 160]

616.9101dc23

2012041238

ISBN 978-1-1186-2979-6 (ebk)

ISBN 978-1-1186-2977-2 (ebk)

ISBN 978-1-1186-2976-5 (ebk)

ISBN 978-1-1199-9142-7 (pbk.)

ISBN 978-1-1199-9143-4 (hbk)

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Senior Commissioning Editor: Andrew McAleer

Assistant Editor: Katharine Earwaker

Marketing Managers: Fran Hunt and Jo Underwood

Project Editor: Juliet Booker

To Myra, Robert, Jon, and Mark

Preface to Second Edition

Virology continues to be an exciting subject and to develop at a rapid pace. The introduction of new laboratory techniques and the continued application of established techniques are producing a wealth of new information. There has been an explosion in the publication of virology papers reporting the discovery of new viruses and providing deeper insights into many facets of the subject. We have tried to reflect these developments in the second edition, which contains much new material, including an additional chapter (on influenza virus). In an attempt to improve clarity, sections of the text have been rewritten.

In the diagrams, many of which have been redrawn for inclusion in this edition, there is a standard color code to differentiate various types of nucleic acid and protein molecules. Please note that, in the interests of clarity, there have been some modifications to the color code used in the first edition. There is a key to the color code on page xxix. In addition, the book has a website ( www.wiley.com/college/carter ) with accompanying teaching and learning resources, including animations of virus replication cycles.

We are grateful to the many people who provided feedback on the first edition and to those who made suggestions for the second edition. We have incorporated many of the suggestions for new material, though space constraints prevented us from incorporating them all. Again, we would be grateful to receive feedback.

We thank the team at John Wiley & Sons Ltd for all their help with this new edition and to our families for their continuing support.

John B. Carter

Venetia A. Saunders

Authors are now retired; both were previously at School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.

Preface to First Edition

Virology is a fascinating and rapidly developing subject, and is worthy of study purely because viruses are interesting! Furthermore, virology is a branch of science that is of immense relevance to mankind for a host of reasons, not least of which are the threats to human health caused by viruses, such as HIV, hepatitis B virus, papillomaviruses, measles, and influenza viruses, to mention just a few. There is a continuing need for trained virologists and it is hoped that this book will play a small role in helping to fulfill that need. To a large extent the material in the book is based on virology taught at Liverpool John Moores University.

This is not a textbook of fundamental virology, medical virology, veterinary virology, plant virology or of bacteriophages, but a bit of each of these! The general pattern of the book is that principles of virology are covered earlier and applications are covered later. There is no strict demarcation between the two, however, so the reader may be made aware of important applications while principles are being introduced.

The first 10 chapters cover basic aspects of virology. A chapter on methods used in virology comes early in the book, but could be skimmed to gain an overview of its contents and thereafter used for reference. There is one chapter on each of the seven Baltimore classes, concentrating mainly on animal viruses. There is a chapter devoted entirely to HIV and an extended chapter on phages, reflecting the renewed interest in their biology and applications. After a chapter on origins and evolution of viruses, there follow five chapters covering various aspects of applied virology, including vaccines and antiviral drugs. The final chapter is on prions, which are not viruses but are often considered along with the viruses.

Each chapter starts with At a glance, a brief summary with the dual aim of giving a flavor of what is coming up and providing a revision aid. Each chapter ends with a list of learning outcomes and a guide to further reading in books and journals. The references are mainly from the twenty-first century, but there is a selection of important papers from the last century.

The book has a web site ( www.wiley.com/go/carter ) where you can find:

• many references additional to those in the book;
• links to the journal references (to the full text where this is freely available, otherwise to the abstract);
• links to virology web sites;