ALBERT CAMUS
Albert Camus
From the Absurd to Revolt
John Foley
First published 2008 by Acumen
Published 2014 by Routledge
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John Foley 2008
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For my mother and for Farah
It may be that the ideal of freedom to choose ends without claiming eternal validity for them, and the pluralism of values connected with this, is only the late fruit of our declining capitalist civilization: an ideal which remote ages and primitive societies have not recognized, and one which posterity will regard with curiosity, even sympathy, but little comprehension. This may be so; but no sceptical conclusions seem to me to follow. Principles are not less sacred because their duration cannot be guaranteed. Indeed, the very desire for guarantees that our values are eternal and secure in some objective heaven is perhaps only a craving for the certainties of childhood or the absolute values of our primitive past. To realise the relative validity of ones convictions, said an admirable writer of our time, and yet stand for them unflinchingly, is what distinguishes a civilised man from a barbarian. To demand more than this is perhaps a deep and incurable metaphysical need; but to allow it to determine ones practice is a symptom of an equally deep, and more dangerous, moral and political immaturity.
Isaiah Berlin, Two Concepts of Liberty (1958)
Contents
I wish to thank the following individuals or institutions: the Irish Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences for the award of a postdoctoral fellowship 20046, during which much of this research was done; Kevin Barry and Nicholas Canny of the Moore Institute for Research in the Humanities and Social Studies, at the National University of Ireland, Galway, where I worked for the duration of my IRCHSS fellowship; Mme Catherine Camus, who granted me extraordinary access to materials at the Centre de Documentation Albert Camus, Bibliothque Mjanes, Aix-en-Provence, in the spring and summer of 2003, and Marcelle Mahasela, Director of the archive, who greatly assisted me in my research; the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, at the University of Texas at Austin, which awarded me a Mellon Fellowship in 2007, permitting the consultation of those papers in the Alfred Knopf Collection pertaining to Camus; the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, for assistance in finding my way through a small part of the John Gerassi Collection of Jean-Paul Sartre; Joe Mahon, at the Department of Philosophy, NUI Galway, who supervised this research through its initial stages; the editors of Albert Camus in the 21st Century (Rodopi, 2008), in which a version of has appeared; Steven Gerrard of Acumen, for his support for this project and for his patience.
The following individuals kindly responded to various queries, offered advice, or gave support: Hdi Abdel-Jaouad, Ronald Aronson, the late Konrad Bieber, Ian Birchall, the late Jo Campling, Cairns Craig, Conor Cruise OBrien, Colin Davis, Phil Dine, Peter Dunwoodie, Raymond Gay-Crosier, John Gerassi, Daniel Gri-Gri, Eddie Hughes, John Kenny, Paschal OGorman, Eric Sellin, the late Pat Sheeran, Frank Shovlin, Joe Sweeney, Maurice Weyembergh. I am particularly grateful to David Carroll and David Sprintzen, both of whom read the book in manuscript for the publisher and made several valuable suggestions.
I owe a very great deal to my family, Mary, Charles and Stephen, and to Farah, without whom this work would not have been completed.
John Foley
In almost all cases the dates given for entries to the Carnets or Notebooks are approximate, as most entries are not dated. If no reference is given for a translation from the French, it is my own; if a reference to a translated text is followed by an asterisk (*), the translation has been revised. Finally, the following abbreviations have been used throughout:
- C1 Carnets I: mai 1935fvrier 1942 (Paris: Gallimard, 1962).
- C2 Carnets II: janvier 1942mars 1951 (Paris: Gallimard, 1964).
- C3 Carnets III: mars 1951dcembre 1959 (Paris: Gallimard, 1989).
- CAC 18 Cahiers Albert Camus Vols 18 (see bibliography for full references to each volume).
- CC Camus at Combat : Writing 19441947 , ed. J. Lvi-Valensi; fwd D. Carroll; trans. A. Goldhammer (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006).
- COP Caligula and Other Plays: Caligula, Cross Purpose, The Just, The Possessed , trans. S. Gilbert et al . (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1984).
- E Essais , Introduction par R. Quilliot; Edition tablie et annote par R. Quilliot et L. Faucon (Paris: Gallimard/Bibliothque de la Pliade, 1965).
- LACE Lyrical and Critical Essays , trans. E. C. Kennedy; ed. P. Thody (New York: Knopf, 1968).
- MS The Myth of Sisyphus , trans. J. OBrien (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1975).
- NB1 Notebooks 19351942 , ed. & trans. P. Thody (New York: Knopf, 1963).
- NB2 Notebooks 19421951 , ed. & trans. J. OBrien (New York: Knopf, 1965).
- OCI uvres Compltes: Tome 1, 19311944 , ed. J. Lvi-Valensi et al . (Paris: Gallimard/Bibliothque de la Pliade, 2006).
- OCII uvres Compltes: Tome 2, 19441948 , ed. J. Lvi-Valensi et al . (Paris: Gallimard/Bibliothque de la Pliade, 2006).
- R The Rebel: An Essay on Man in Revolt , revised and complete trans. A. Bower; fwd H. Read (New York: Knopf, 1956).
- RRD Resistance, Rebellion and Death , trans. J. OBrien (New York: Knopf, 1960).
- SCHC Sartre and Camus: A Historic Confrontation , eds & trans. D. Sprintzen & A. van den Hoven (New York: Humanity, 2004).
- SEN Selected Essays & Notebooks , ed. & trans. P. Thody (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1979).
- TO The Outsider , trans. J. Laredo (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1983).
- TP The Plague , trans. S. Gilbert (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1960).
- TRN Thtre, Rcits, Nouvelles , Prface par J. Grenier; Textes tablis et annots par R. Quilliot (Paris: Gallimard/Bibliothque de la Pliade, 1962).