Walter F. Boron - Medical Physiology

THIRD EDITION

WALTER F. BORON, MD, PhD

Professor

David N. and Inez Myers/Antonio Scarpa Chairman

Department of Physiology and Biophysics

Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio

EMILE L. BOULPAEP, MD

Professor

Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Yale University School of Medicine

New Haven, Connecticut

1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.

Ste 1800

Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899

MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY, THIRD EDITION

ISBN: 978-1-4557-4377-3

INTERNATIONAL EDITION

ISBN: 978-0-323-42796-8

Copyright 2017 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

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This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).

Notices

Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.

Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.

To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

Previous editions copyrighted 2012, 2009, 2005, and 2003.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Boron, Walter F., editor. | Boulpaep, Emile L., editor.

Title: Medical physiology / [edited by] Walter F. Boron, Emile L. Boulpaep.

Other titles: Medical physiology (Boron)

Description: Edition 3. | Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2016005260| ISBN 9781455743773 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780323427968 (International ed.)

Subjects: | MESH: Physiological Phenomena | Cell Physiological Phenomena

Classification: LCC QP34.5 | NLM QT 104 | DDC 612dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016005260

Executive Content Strategist: Elyse O'Grady

Senior Content Development Specialist: Marybeth Thiel

Publishing Services Manager: Julie Eddy

Senior Project Manager: David Stein

Design Direction: Julia Dummitt

Printed in China

Last digit is the print number:987654321

Peter S. Aronson MD

C.N.H. Long Professor of Internal Medicine
Professor of Cellular and Molecular Physiology
Section of Nephrology
Department of Internal Medicine
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut

Eugene J. Barrett MD, PhD

Professor
Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology
University of Virginia School of Medicine
Charlottesville, Virginia

Paula Q. Barrett PhD

Professor
Department of Pharmacology
University of Virginia School of Medicine
Charlottesville, Virginia

Henry J. Binder MD

Professor Emeritus of Medicine
Department of Internal MedicineDigestive Diseases
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut

Walter F. Boron MD, PhD

Professor
David N. and Inez Myers/Antonio Scarpa Chairman
Department of Physiology and Biophysics
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio

Emile L. Boulpaep MD

Professor
Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut

Lloyd Cantley MD, FASN

Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut

Michael J. Caplan MD, PhD

C.N.H. Long Professor and Chair
Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut

Barry W. Connors PhD

Professor and Chair
Department of Neuroscience
Alpert Medical School
Brown University
Providence, Rhode Island

Arthur DuBois MD

Professor Emeritus of Epidemiology and Public Health and Cellular and Molecular Physiology
John B. Pierce Laboratory
New Haven, Connecticut

Gerhard Giebisch MD

Professor Emeritus of Cellular and Molecular Physiology
Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut

Fred S. Gorelick MD

Professor
Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut

Peter Igarashi MD

Nesbitt Chair and Head
Department of Medicine
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Ervin E. Jones MD, PhD

Retired
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut

W. Jonathan Lederer MD, PhD

Director and Professor, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology and Department of Physiology
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

George Lister MD

Jean McLean Wallace Professor of Pediatrics
Professor of Cellular and Molecular Physiology
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut

Charles M. Mansbach II, MD

Professor of Medicine and Physiology
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Memphis, Tennessee

Christopher R. Marino MD

Professor of Medicine
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Chief of Staff
VA Medical Center
Memphis, Tennessee

Edward J. Masoro PhD

Professor Emeritus of Physiology
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas