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Ball Philip - The devils doctor: Paracelsus and the world of renaissance magic and science

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Ball Philip The devils doctor: Paracelsus and the world of renaissance magic and science
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Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombast von Hohenheim, who called himself Paracelsus, stands at the cusp of medieval and modern times. A contemporary of Luther, an enemy of the medical establishment, a scourge of the universities, an alchemist, an army surgeon, and a radical theologian, he attracted myths even before he died. His fantastic journeys across Europe and beyond were said to be made on a magical white horse, and he was rumored to carry the elixir of life in the pommel of his great broadsword. His name was linked with Faust, who bargained with the devil. Who was the man behind these stories Some have accused him of being a charlatan, a windbag who filled his books with wild speculations and invented words. Others claim him as the father of modern medicine. Philip Ball exposes a more complex truth in The Devils Doctorone that emerges only by entering into Paracelsuss time. He explores the intellectual, political, and religious undercurrents of the sixteenth century and looks at how doctors really practiced, at how people traveled, and at how wars were fought. For Paracelsus was a product of an age of change and strife, of renaissance and reformation. And yet by uniting the diverse disciplines of medicine, biology, and alchemy, he assisted, almost in spite of himself, in the birth of science and the emergence of the age of rationalism.;Black madonna: a country doctor -- The metal makers: learning the arts -- The universal scholar: a Renaissance education -- The staff and the snake: healing in the early renaissance -- Intellectual vagabonds: walking the pages of the book of nature -- A new religion: the trials of reformation -- Revolution under the sign of the shoe: sedition in Salzburg -- Transmutation at Ingolstadt: making gold -- Elixir and quintessence: a chemical medicine -- Bitter medicine: Paracelsus among the humanists -- The battle of Basle: how Paracelsus left town -- Against the grain: quicksilver and wood -- The alchemist inside: an hermetic biology -- Beyond wonders: the matrix of the world -- Star and ascendant: a science of prophesy -- Demons of the mind: invisible diseases -- The little man: animating the earth -- The white horse: death in Salzburg -- Work with fire: the chemical legacy of Paracelsus -- Philosophers gold: the last of the chemical magicians.

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Table of Contents Biographers often speak about their search for a - photo 1
Table of Contents

Biographers often speak about their search for a subject. This reminds me of what I already know, which is that I am not a biographer. I never imagined or intended that I would write someones life story. Rather, my subject found me, and then he would not let me go. He is a difficult man and not easily denied, and so I realized I must attempt to tell his tale.
Anyone with an interest in alchemy soon encounters Paracelsus and has to wrestle with the question of how seriously to take him. Buffoon or genius? one has to ask. But the question is not that simple. There was rather little in Paracelsuss life that was simple, and indeed as one begins to explore it one quickly discovers that the entire history of Renaissance sciencein which Paracelsus plays a pivotal roleis not nearly as straightforward as many popular accounts would have it. Yet Paracelsuss story can help us to examine these ambiguities and complications, and perhaps to understand some of the lacunae in our concept of science today.
I am deeply grateful to Urs Leo Gantenbein for making it possible for me to visit some of the key Paracelsus sites in Switzerland and for being such a generous and companionable guide. Robin Briggs made very perceptive and valuable comments on the historical aspects of my text, and Dane Thor Daniel gave knowledgeable advice on Paracelsus. Andrea Sella nobly agreed to plough through an unwieldy first draft, and his comments helped me immensely to organize an extravagant amount of material. Much of that was gathered at the Wellcome Library for the History of Medicine, and discovering this remarkable resource has been one of the joys of this project. I amgrateful for the support and advice I received from my editors Ravi Mirchandani and Caroline Knight at Heinemann, and John Glusman at Farrar, Straus and Giroux, and for encouragement from my agent Peter Robinson and my wife Julia, as well as that from the many friends and colleagues who share even a little of my passion for this strange and incomparable man.

Philip Ball
London, October 2005
Designing the Molecular World: Chemistry at the Frontier

Made to Measure: New Materials for the 21st Century

The Self-Made Tapestry: Pattern Formation in Nature

Lifes Matrix: A Biography of Water

Stories of the Invisible: A Guided Tour of Molecules

Bright Earth: Art and the Invention of Color

The Ingredients: A Guided Tour of the Elements

Critical Mass: How One Thing Leads to Another
INTRODUCTION: FOOLS QUEST
Epigraph: M. Shelley (1831). Frankenstein , rev. ed., p. 8. Penguin, London, 1994.
F. Hoefer (1843). Histoire de la Chimie , Vol. 2, ii, p. 9. Paris. Quoted in J. R. Partington (1961), A History of Chemistry , Vol. 2, p. 123. Macmillan, London.
R. E. Schlueter (1935), Fact and Fiction in the Names and Titles of Paracelsus, Annals of Medical History 7, 274.
J. Read (1995), From Alchemy to Chemistry, p. 100. Dover, New York.
J. Jacobi, ed. (1988). Paracelsus: Selected Writings , p. 3. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
E A. Yates (1964). Giordano Bruno, p. 258. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
C. Webster (1982). From Paracelsus to Newton , p. 58. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
W Shumaker, ed. (1989). Natural Magic and Modern Science: Four Treatises , 1590-1657, p. 3. State University of New York, Binghamton.
Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae 2a.2ae.96.2. In K. Hutchison (1982), What Happened to Occult Qualities in the Scientific Revolution? Isis 73, 237.
Hutchison, What Happened to Occult Qualities, p. 250.
Ibid., p. 251.
H. P. Bayon (1942). Paracelsus: Personality, Doctrines and His Alleged Influence in the Reform of Medicine. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 35, 69.
Ibid.
Paracelsus (c. 1530). De generatione stultorum, trans. P. E Cranefield and W Federn (1967), Bulletin of the History of Medicine 41, 5674.
Partington, History of Chemistry , p. 127.
D. P. Walker (1958). Spiritual and Demonic Magic from Ficino to Campanella , p. 96. Warburg Institute, London.
In H. E. Sigerist (1934), Karl Sudhoff, the Man and the Historian. Institute of the History of Medicine Bulletin II, 3.
C. Webster (1988). The Nineteenth-Century Afterlife of Paracelsus. In Studies in the History of Alternative Medicine , ed. R. Cooter, p. 78. Macmillan, Basingstoke.
W Blake (1957). Complete Writings, ed. G. Keynes, p. 158. Nonesuch Press, London.
A. S. Byatt (1990). Possession , p. 172. Vintage, London.
I. S. Turgenev (1862). Fathers and Sons, trans. E. Schuyler, p. 141. Leypoldt & Holt, New York, 1867.
J. L. Borges (1998). The Rose of Paracelsus, in Collected Fictions , trans. A. Hurley, p. 507. Viking Penguin, New York.
J. K. Rowling (2003). Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, pp. 252-53. Bloomsbury, London.
M. Shelley, Frankenstein, pp. 37-38.
W Godwin (1876). Lives of the Necromancers, p. 218. Chatto & Windus, London.
P. B. Shelley (1812), letter of June 3. In E L. Jones, ed. (1964), Letters , Vol. I, p. 303. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
M. Shelley, Frankenstein, p. 8.
CHAPTER ONE: BLACK MADONNA
Epigraph: J. Winterson (1997). Gut Symmetries, p. 1. Granta, London.
Jacobi, Paracelsus , p. 4.
C. G. Jung (1942). Paracelsus as a Spiritual Phenomenon. In Alchemical Studies , trans. R.F.C. Hull, p. 112. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1983.
H. M. Pachter (1951). Paracelsus: Magiclnto Science, p. 20. Henry Schuman, New York.
Jacobi, Paracelsus, p. 3.
P. Amelung (1964). Das Bild des Deutschen in der Literatur der italienischen Renaissance, 1400-1559, p. 149. Hueber, Munich. Quoted in J. R. Hale (1994), The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance , p. 61. Collins, London.
CHAPTER TWO: THE METAL MAKERS
Epigraph: G. Agricola (1556). De re metallica , trans. H. C. Hoover and L. H. Hoover (1950), p. 24. Dover, New York.
Paracelsus, Chronicle of Carinthia. Quoted in A. M. Stoddart (1911), The Life of Paracelsus , p. 32. John Murray, London.
Agricola, De re metallica , pp. 17, 19.
Tacitus, Germania, Book V Quoted in J. Gimpel (1992), The Medieval Machine, p. 69. Pimlico, London.
W Manchester (1993). A World Lit Only by Fire, p. 155. Macmillan, London.
Agricola, De re metallica, p. xv.
D.C.W Baumgarten-Crusius (1845). Georgii Fabricii Chemnicensis Epistolae ad W. Meurerum et Alios Aequales, p. 139. Leipzig. Quoted in Agricola, De re metallica, p. 139.
Paracelsus, De mineralibus. Quoted in Agricola, De re metallica, p. 409.
Jacobi, Paracelsus, p. 115.
CHAPTER THREE: THE UNIVERSAL SCHOLAR
Epigraph: L. Olschki (1942). The Scientific Personality of Galileo. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 12, 251.
Pachter, Paracelsus, p. 25.
B. de Telepnef (1991). Paracelsus: A Genius Amidst a Troubled World, p. 24. Banton Press, Largs, Scotland.
Pachter, Paracelsus, p. 33. See also Telepnef, Paracelsus, p. 25.
Telepnef, Paracelsus, p. 26.
H. E. Sigerist (1941). Paracelsus: Four Treatises, p. 25. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore.
Erasmus (1511-21). In Praise of Folly, trans. B. Radice, pp. 86-87. Penguin, London, 1993.
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