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Kathleen Stassen Berger - Grandmothering: Building Strong Ties with Every Generation

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Contemporary grandmothers are often marginalized from extended family life because social institutions and grandmothers themselves do not understand that they could be vital for working parents, for overactive children, for suicidal youth, indeed for many of the problems of modern grandchildren.

The genetics and hormones of older women have designed them to be vital family members, with patience and perspective that come with age and experience. In addition, biology helps directly via menopause. The grandmother hypothesis explains that human women, unlike almost any other living creature, experience decades of life after menopause, in order to make grandmothers available to their descendants.

Here, Kathleen Berger explores he role of grandmothers in the lives of their grandchildren. She uses real life examples to illustrate how grandmothers can best integrate themselves into the lives of their childrens families without overstepping. She explores the particular needs of each stage of childhood as they relate to grandmother involvement and input. Before a child is born, grandmothers need to attend to building a strong relationship with the future parents. In infancy, attachment and feeding are crucial. In early childhood, grandmothers need to follow the parents lead, remembering that a parental alliance is essential. In childhood, children need to be safe but not isolated, and both bullies and victims benefit from a grandmothers support and assistance. In adolescence and emerging adulthood, grandmothers need to build direct connections and not avoid the difficult topics of sex, drugs, death, disease, and money. Throughout, elders need to learn technology, insuring that it fosters, not impedes relationships.

Problems in relationships are explained honestly and with insight. Among these are issues when three generations share a home, when parents get divorced, and when grandchildren rebel against parental authority. Throughout the work, both the joy and the complications of effective grandmothering are described. Whether youre a biological grandmother, a trusted step-grandmother, or just a warm and trusted older woman with young ones in your life, you can be a vital force in the lives of future generations.

Kathleen Stassen Berger: author's other books


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Kathleen Stassen Berger is professor at Bronx Community College, City University of New York, where she has taught psychology for forty years. She is the author of the leading textbooks in human development used by college students in all fifty states and in twelve nations, in five languages. She is also the mother of four and the grandmother of three.

G randmothering starts with one momenta birthand never stops. Likewise, this book begins with sentences and chapters, but older women must then carry the message to all the children, all the parents, all the disconnected, lonely people.

Decades of experience, and fierce dedication to children, make grandmothers today a bridge between the ancient women who dug for tubers and the newborns who will shape the future. That entails an awesome responsibility. We must be a soaring, yet sturdy, bridge, reaching toward the heavens while connecting one place to another, continuing the legacy of our ancestors.

Knowing this makes me grateful to be among the billions of other grandmothers. Thank you, and carry on.

1
Excluded and on the Floor

I am lying on a hard, hospital floor at 4 a.m., trying to sleep. Down the hall is a miracle, or maybe a death.

My left shoulder aches on the tile. I roll over: my right hip hurts. The crumpled jacket is no pillow; measured breathing does not quiet me. My own bedsoft, empty, and waitingis a twelve-minute walk away.

Why am I here, in this waiting room? To help Elissa, my daughter, who has been laboring for thirty hours to deliver my first grandchild.

She does not need me. Oscar, her husband, and Chris, her midwife, are with her. Since early evening, when Chris deftly deflected a Cesarean, no one has told me anything. I am excluded, ignored, forgotten.

We should go home, says Rachel, another daughter, my only companion here with the hard chairs, harder floor, and colorful brochures about cord blood. We are useless.

Rachels right. Weve been here all night, of no use, with no word of Elissa. We should go home. Will someone, some time, remember us and be surprised to find us gone? I should tell them we are leaving. I run my fingers through my hair, slap my cheeks, find my shoes, walk down the dark hall to the brightly lit nurses station. Two nurses are chatting happily.

Any word on Elissa? I ask.

Yes, there is word, a nurse replies. Go back and wait.

I rush to tell Rachel. Word, she said, and wait. Smiling.

We watch the door. It opens.

You can see her now, a nurse says.

We speed to the only lit room, way down the hall. Elissa is beatific, mostly covered with a crisp, white hospital sheet, nursing a tiny creature, born at 3:46 a.m. Oscar and Chris stand nearby, beaming.

We are told that the baby is perfect and technically not tiny: he has already been taken elsewhere to be checked and weighed: 10 pounds, 2 ounces. Oscar went with him, having been warned in prenatal class, Never lose sight of your newborn.

I congratulate Elissa. She apologizes: I asked them to tell you right away, but they said I must be cleaned up first.

I learn his name, Asa, for A. Philip Randolph. I kiss my cleaned-up daughter, admire Asa, thank the midwife, and hug Oscar. He has already phoned his parents, three thousand miles away.

A survey of more than a thousand grandmothers reports that the arrival of a grandchild often results in an instantaneous unbounded magical love.

Another grandmother wrote about her daughters long labor, My daughter was struggling in this wild current braving those rapids, alone in the frail craft of her own body. That grandmothers fears vanished when she saw her moments-old grandchild, who, radiant and glowing, is the future.

Not my words, not my feelings. Somethings wrong. Not with Asa, Elissa, or Oscar. Something is wrong with me, or the hospital, or the century.

I went home, slept fitfully until noon, and woke up troubled.

Why was I kept ignorant and distant while waiting for my child to give birth? She was my little girl. I diapered her for years, sponged her when she threw up, bathed her after she played in mud, picked lice from her hair, hour after hour. Now wait until she is cleaned up? I am her mother, not some formal visitor. I am now a grandmother, a crucial part of her family.

I thought of Elissas birth, thirty-three years ago. Midwives were banned from my world-class hospital. Fathers were forbidden at deliveries as my husband, Martin, had been for our first two. Newly inspired by feminism, I convinced my board-certified obstetrician to let Martin witness Elissas arrival. He wept when he held her, wet and wide-eyed, moments old. I reached out; they did not let me touch her. Germs, they said. With gloved hands, they wiped, weighed, wrapped, and whisked her away.

The hospital kept us apart for twenty-four hours. They said that I had no milk, that I needed rest, that she was tired, too. Grandmothers were also shut out. That didnt bother my mother. She was heavily sedated when I was born; she was horrified that I planned a natural birth.

Dont let her do it, Mom had told Martin, about my birth plans. He smiled. He knew he couldnt stop me.

When she was one day old, Elissa was wheeled to me, asleep. I woke her, got her to suck.

The day after that, Martin brought our two older daughters, Bethany and Rachel. Children were not allowed on the maternity floor; my little girls could not view their new sister, even through the nursery glass. But I could hobble down to the elevator to a special room to see them. That was an innovation; formerly, no visitors under age twelve could set foot in the hospital.

On day three, I was breastfeeding and talking on the phone when an aide came to take Elissa back to the nursery. She scolded me: Hang up. When you nurse, you must give your baby undivided attention.

Wrong. Old-fashioned. I knew better. I had suckled Bethany and Rachel while setting the table, stirring a pot, turning pages, and, of course, holding a phone. I was a pioneer. I was riding the wave of liberation, with millions of my sisters, toward a brighter, fairer, future.

Hurrah for the past half century. Now men routinely witness their childrens births; midwives deliver babies; mothers feed life-sustaining colostrum to their minutes-old newborns. We rock the cradle and rock the world. We became doctors, lawyers, CEOs, prime ministers, presidents. Strong. Invincible. Women! Helen Reddy belted it out; we sang along, loud and victorious.

Decades passed. Victories improved our lives. But liberated boomers grew old. Age sneaked up on us. We did not anticipate reading glasses, gray hair, stiffness, grandchildren asking whether telephones were invented when we were girls, or teenagers sending us texts. Few of us burned bras, broke ceilings, or led nations, but we all crossed barriers. Now we must cross another one.

Some in our culture equate grandmotherhood with disability and death, but most of us are vital for decades after the first grandchild, who arrives, on average, when the woman is fifty years old. Most new grandmothers see, hear, and move well; they can be energetic playmates. A survey of 1,205 grandmothers found that only one in five felt that their health interfered with grandmothering.

As grandchildren grow older, grandmothers grow older, too. If a second, third, or fourth grandchild arrives when a grandmother is sixty, seventy, or eighty, she is less able chase, play ball, or swing a grandchild around. But she still can be a vital force.

We do not deny aging; we deny incapacity. Grandmothers might wish for the body of a twenty-year-old, but age need not stop us, even when the oldest grandchild reaches adulthood, and new grandchildren or great-grandchildren are born.

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