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Linux

The Beginners Crash Course

Copyright 2016 - All rights reserved.

In no way is it legal to reproduce, duplicate, or transmit any part of this document in either electronic means or in printed format. Recording of this publication is strictly prohibited and any storage of this document is not allowed unless with written permission from the publisher. All rights reserved.

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Please note the information contained within this document is for educational and entertainment purposes only. Every attempt has been made to provide accurate, up to date and reliable complete information. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. Readers acknowledge that the author is not engaging in the rendering of legal, financial, medical or professional advice.

By reading this document, the reader agrees that under no circumstances are we responsible for any losses, direct or indirect, which are incurred as a result of the use of information contained within this document, including, but not limited to, errors, omissions, or inaccuracies.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1: Understanding Linux

Chapter 2: Choosing A Linux Distribution System

Chapter 3: File Systems For Linux

Chapter 4: Linux Text Editors

Chapter 5: Linux Commands

Chapter 6: Linux Backup Techniques

Chapter 7: Setting Up A Linux Printer

Conclusion

Introduction

Thank you for downloading Linux 101 A Beginners Guide to the Linux World. Linux is one of the most used operating systems in the world. This book is a beginners guide to understanding the potential of Linux and how to use it to perform the basic tasks.

I have done my best to ensure that you can get a good overview of the various advantages of this OS and things you need to be careful of. Most of the contentsin this book arederived from the practical use of Linux as well as multiple reference sources for various types of the Linux commands.

The book will educate you on multiple aspects about the Linux OS and its application. I sincerely hope you can use the information as a stepping stone before you begin your in-depth learning on the subject.

Chapter 1: Understanding Linux

Linux is an operating system, just like MAC OS X, Windows 8and Windows 10. It is software that manages all of the hardware resources related to the desktop or laptop. Do you know what exactly Linux does? In simple words, it is the operating system that is the bridge between your system software and the hardware. The operating system plays a very important part in keeping the unit working and your software functioning.

The operating system has many parts that make it function successfully, and the list of important ones is mentioned below:

The Kernel

This is known to be one of the most important parts of the operating system. No operating system can function properly without this piece. It is the core of the operating system and controls the entire Central Processing Unit. This part has control over the processes occurring in the OS. It is known to be the first element that the system is loaded with, without this you cannot move forward to the next step. The Kernel manages the remainder of the system. This part is also responsible for running memory as well as communicating with peripherals such as speakers and others.

The Boot loader

As the name suggests, this is the software that controls the boot procedures of the laptop or computer. Many users would have noticed this as a splash screen popping up and then going away to the boot in an operating system.

Desktop Environment

This is known to be among one of the most creative and interesting programs. It is a puzzle that the users interact with. This program is also one of the most interactive pieces of the operating system. The system has a number of desktop environments to select from according to their preferences, such as Cinnamon, KDE, Enlightenment, XFCE, Unity, etc. Every desktop environment has a number of built-in applications like web browsers, games, tools, configurations and more.

The Shell

The shell is a program that controls the users interaction. It is a process that allows the user to take complete control over the computer through the commands they type in the text interface. It is not a part of the kernel but uses it to create files, perform programs and much more. In simple words, it is the program that takes all the commands from the keyboard to the operating system.

Daemons

This is a program that runs as a background procedure. This program is not under the direct control of the user. Daemons controls the background services such as sound, printing, etc. that start during the boot or after you have logged into the desktop. The processes under this program end with the letter D. this clarifies that the procedure is a Daemon.

Applications

Where applications are concerned, the desktop environment does not offer the users with a number of options. Linux provides the users with millions of superior quality software titles, just like the MAC and Windows that can be installed. The modern distributions that are included in Linux include tools that are similar to the App-store. These applications centralize and also make the installation procedure simple for you. For example, Ubuntu Software Center has millions of applications that you just have to install and not pay anything for.

Graphical Server

This is the system that holds half of the responsibility to display graphics on the screen. The Graphical Server is usually referred as X or the X server.

The Distribution

The Distribution is known to be the highest layer of the operating system. This is the program that contains all the above-mentioned layers. As the kernel is the first thing to get installed in the operating system, the distribution is the last. Without it the system does not get completed. The makers of the Distribution layer decide which system tools, applications, kernel, and environment should be included to be used by the users.