Linux Bible, Ninth Edition
Published by
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
10475 Crosspoint Boulevard
Indianapolis, IN 46256
www.wiley.com
Copyright 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
ISBN: 978-1-118-99987-5
ISBN: 978-1-118-99989-9 (ebk)
ISBN: 978-1-118-99988-2 (ebk)
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions
.
LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEB SITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ.
For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (877) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.
Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com
. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com
.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015937667
Trademarks: Wiley and the Wiley logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
As always, I dedicate this book to my wife, Sheree.
About the Author
Chris Negus is a Red Hat Certified Instructor (RHCI), Red Hat Certified Examiner (RHCX), Red Hat Certified Architect (RHCA), and Principal Technical Writer for Red Hat Inc. In more than six years with Red Hat, Chris has taught hundreds of IT professionals aspiring to become Red Hat Certified Engineers (RHCE).
In his current position at Red Hat, Chris produces articles for the Red Hat Customer Portal. The projects he works on include Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, Red Hat Enterprise OpenStack Platform, Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization and Linux containers in Docker format.
Besides his RHCA certification, Chris is a Red Hat Certified Virtualization Administrator (RHCVA) and Red Hat Certified Datacenter Specialist (RHCDS). He also has certificates of expertise in Deployment and Systems Management, Clustering and Storage Management, Cloud Storage, and Server Hardening.
Before joining Red Hat, Chris wrote or co-wrote dozens of books on Linux and UNIX, including Red Hat Linux Bible (all editions), CentOS Bible, Fedora Bible, Linux Troubleshooting Bible, Linux Toys and Linux Toys II. Chris also co-authored several books for the Linux Toolbox series for power users: Fedora Linux Toolbox, SUSE Linux Toolbox, Ubuntu Linux Toolbox, Mac OS X Toolbox, and BSD UNIX Toolbox.
For eight years Chris worked with the organization at AT&T that developed UNIX before moving to Utah to help contribute to Novell's UnixWare project in the early 1990s. When not writing about Linux, Chris enjoys playing soccer and just hanging out with his wife, Sheree, and son, Seth.
About the Technical Editor
Richard Blum, LPIC-1, has worked in the IT industry for more than 20 years as both a systems and network administrator and has published numerous Linux and open source books. He has administered UNIX, Linux, Novell, and Microsoft servers, as well as helped design and maintain a 3,500-user network utilizing Cisco switches and routers. He has used Linux servers and shell scripts to perform automated network monitoring and has written shell scripts in most of the common Linux shell environments. Rich is an online instructor for an Introduction to Linux course that is used by colleges and universities across the United States. When he isn't being a computer nerd, Rich plays electric bass in a couple of different church worship bands, and enjoys spending time with his wife, Barbara, and two daughters, Katie Jane and Jessica.
Credits
Project Editor
Martin V. Minner
Technical Editor
Richard Blum
Production Manager
Kathleen Wisor
Copy Editor
Gwenette Gaddis
Manager of Content Development & Assembly
Mary Beth Wakefield
Marketing Director
David Mayhew
Marketing Manager
Carrie Sherrill
Professional Technology & Strategy Director
Barry Pruett
Business Manager
Amy Knies
Associate Publisher
Jim Minatel
Project Coordinator, Cover
Brent Savage
Proofreader
Amy Schneider
Indexer
John Sleeva
Cover Designer
Wiley
Acknowledgments
Since I was hired by Red Hat Inc. more than six years ago, I have been exposed to many of the best Linux developers, testers, support professionals and instructors in the world. Since I can't thank everyone individually, I instead salute the culture of cooperation and excellence that serves to improve my own Linux skills every day.
I don't speak well of Red Hat because I work there; I work at Red Hat because it lives up to the ideals of open source software in ways that match my own beliefs. There are a few people at Red Hat I would like to acknowledge particularly. Discussions with Victor Costea, Andrew Blum, and other Red Hat instructors have helped me adapt my ways of thinking about how people learn Linux. I'm able to work across a wide range of technologies because of the great support I get from my supervisor, Adam Strong, and my senior manager, Sam Knuth, who both point me toward cool projects but never hold me back.
Next page