THE WASHINGTON MANUAL OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Second Edition
Editor
Nishath Quader, MD, FACC, FASE
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Cardiovascular Division
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Associate Editors
Majesh Makan, MD, FACC, FASE
Associate Professor of Medicine
Associate Director of Echocardiography
Division of Cardiology
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Julio E. Prez, MD, FACC, FASE, FACP, FAHA
Professor of Medicine
Director of Echocardiography
Cardiovascular Division
Barnes-Jewish Hospital
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Executive Editor: Julie Goolsby
Senior Product Development Editor: Andrea Vosburgh
Production Project Manager: Bridgett Dougherty
Marketing Manager: Rachel Mante Leung
Design Coordinator: Elaine Kasmer
Senior Manufacturing Coordinator: Beth Welsh
Prepress Vendor: Aptara, Inc.
Copyright 2017 by Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
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Dedication
To the Washington University Cardiology Fellowship Program and Barnes Jewish Hospital Cardiac Diagnostic Laboratory.
Contributors
Suzanne V. Arnold, MD, MHA
Assistant Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute
University of MissouriKansas City
Kansas City, Missouri
Mirnela Byku, MD, PhD
Fellow, Cardiovascular Disease
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Pedro M. Caldern-Artero, MD, MS
Cardiology Fellow
Barnes-Jewish Hospital
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Daniel H. Cooper, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Associate Program Director for Electrophysiology
Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine
Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiologist
Barnes-Jewish Hospital
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Sharon Cresci, MD
Assistant Professor
Departments of Medicine and Genetics
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Rafael S. Garcia-Cortes, MD
Cardiology Fellow
Barnes-Jewish Hospital
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Jacob S. Goldstein, MD
Cardiology Fellow
Barnes-Jewish Hospital
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Justin Hartupee, MD, PhD
Cardiology Fellow
Department of Medicine
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Christopher L. Holley, MD, PhD
Instructor of Medicine
Cardiovascular Division
Department of Internal Medicine
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Kathryn J. Lindley, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Cardiovascular Division
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Brian R. Lindman, MD, MSCI
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Cardiovascular Division
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Jose A. Madrazo, MD, FASE
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Majesh Makan, MD, FACC, FASE
Associate Professor of Medicine
Associate Director of Echocardiography
Division of Cardiology
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Deana Mikhalkova, MD
Fellow
Department of Cardiology
Barnes-Jewish Hospital