Brian P. Griffin - Manual of Cardiovascular Medicine

Manual of

C ARDIOVASCULAR M EDICINE

FIFTH EDITION

Section Editors

Thomas D. Callahan, MD, FACC

Staff Electrophysiologist
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine

Leslie Cho, MD, FACC

Director, Womens Cardiovascular Center
Section Head, Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio

Esther S. H. Kim, MD, MPH, FACC

Assistant Professor of Medicine
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee

David Majdalany, MD, FACC

Co-Director of Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center
Department of Cardiology
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio

W. H. Wilson Tang, MD, FACC

Professor
Department of Medicine
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
Director
Center for Clinical Genomics
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio

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Fifth edition

Copyright 2019 Wolters Kluwer.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Griffin, Brian P., 1956- editor.

Title: Manual of cardiovascular medicine / editor, Brian P. Griffin, MD, FACC, The John and Rosemary Brown Endowed Chair in Cardiovascular Medicine, Vice-Chairman, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section Head, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, Venu Menon, MD, Director, Coronary Care Unit, Director Cardiovascular Fellowship Program, Professor of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; section editors,Thomas D. Callahan MD, FACC [and four others]; guest editors, Newton Wiggins, MD, Joseph Bumgarner, MD, Chetan Huded, MD.

Description: Fifth edition. | Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2018028784 | eISBN 9781496395115

Subjects: LCSH: CardiologyHandbooks, manuals, etc. | HeartDiseasesHandbooks, manuals, etc. | BISAC: MEDICAL / Cardiology.

Classification: LCC RC682 .M315 2019 | DDC 616.1/2dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018028784

This work is provided as is, and the publisher disclaims any and all warranties, express or implied, including any warranties as to accuracy, comprehensiveness, or currency of the content of this work.

This work is no substitute for individual patient assessment based on healthcare professionals examination of each patient and consideration of, among other things, age, weight, gender, current or prior medical conditions, medication history, laboratory data, and other factors unique to the patient. The publisher does not provide medical advice or guidance, and this work is merely a reference tool. Healthcare professionals, and not the publisher, are solely responsible for the use of this work, including all medical judgments, and for any resulting diagnosis and treatments.

Given continuous, rapid advances in medical science and health information, independent professional verification of medical diagnoses, indications, appropriate pharmaceutical selections and dosages, and treatment options should be made, and healthcare professionals should consult a variety of sources. When prescribing medication, healthcare professionals are advised to consult the product information sheet (the manufacturers package insert) accompanying each drug to verify, among other things, conditions of use, warnings, and side effects and identify any changes in dosage schedule or contraindications, particularly if the medication to be administered is new, infrequently used or has a narrow therapeutic range. To the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property, as a matter of products liability, negligence law, or otherwise or from any reference to or use by any person of this work.

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For MaryBG
To our families and to the fellows and staff of the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland ClinicBG, VM, NW, JB, CH.

CONTENTS

T he 5th edition of the Manual of Cardiovascular Medicine has been extensively updated and revised. Our goal has been to make this an easy-to-use, up-to-date, portable reference for all those involved in the management of cardiovascular disease. We have included current guidelines from the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology and other national and international cardiovascular societies where appropriate. We appreciate the feedback we have received concerning prior editions and suggestions as to how to improve the book. We have tried to update this edition without expanding the number of pages too much as we are mindful that many use it as a pocket reference.

This manual has been written by the current and past fellows and staff of the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic. We wish to thank all those who contributed to this and previous editions. Our section editors (Thomas Callahan, Leslie Cho, Esther Kim, David Majdalany, and Wilson Tang) have done a great job in ensuring that the various chapters are topical and comprehensive yet concise. As in all prior editions, our chief fellows (Newton Wiggins, Joseph Bumgarner, and Chetan Huded) have worked as Guest Editors and have done a fine job in coordinating their peers to produce updates in a timely fashion. Many of our faculty have contributed to this manual, and we thank them and all our wonderful colleagues in the Heart and Vascular Institute. We wish to thank Lois Adamski, the educational coordinator of the Cardiovascular Disease Training Program at Cleveland Clinic, for having anchored the program over many years. Sharon Zinner and Emily Buccieri and everyone at Wolters Kluwer have been wonderful to work with.

We are deeply grateful for the philanthropic support we have received for the educational and academic activities of our fellows and faculty. We especially thank John and Rosemary Brown for endowing a Chair in Cardiovascular Medicine that has helped us continue this manual. Mr and Mrs Robert Tomsich have endowed the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and have provided funding to support fellowship academic activity, as has the late Mr Gus Karos and his family. Dr Mehdi Razavi, the first program director of the Cardiovascular Medicine Training Program at Cleveland Clinic, and Dr Curtis Rimmerman have been faithful supporters of the fellows, and we are deeply grateful to them and all the benefactors of our training program. We also thank Dr Lars Svensson, Chair, Heart and Vascular Institute, and Dr Steve Nissen, Chair, Cardiovascular Medicine at Cleveland Clinic, for their support.