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Pierre Brémaud - Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes

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Pierre Brémaud Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes
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Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes: summary, description and annotation

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This work is unique as it provides a uniform treatment of the Fourier theories of functions (Fourier transforms and series, z-transforms), finite measures (characteristic functions, convergence in distribution), and stochastic processes (including arma series and point processes).

It emphasises the links between these three themes. The chapter on the Fourier theory of point processes and signals structured by point processes is a novel addition to the literature on Fourier analysis of stochastic processes. It also connects the theory with recent lines of research such as biological spike signals and ultrawide-band communications.

Although the treatment is mathematically rigorous, the convivial style makes the book accessible to a large audience. In particular, it will be interesting to anyone working in electrical engineering and communications, biology (point process signals) and econometrics (arma models).

A careful review of the prerequisites (integration and probability theory in the appendix, Hilbert spaces in the first chapter) make the book self-contained. Each chapter has an exercise section, which makes Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes suitable for a graduate course in applied mathematics, as well as for self-study.

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Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
Pierre Brmaud Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes Universitext 10.1007/978-3-319-09590-5_1
1. Fourier Analysis of Functions
Pierre Brmaud 1, 2
(1)
Inria, Paris, France
(2)
cole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Pierre Brmaud
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The classical Fourier theory of functions is an indispensable prerequisite for the Fourier theory of stationary stochastic processes. By classical Fourier analysis, we mean Fourier series and Fourier transforms in Picture 1 and Picture 2 , but also z-transforms which are the backbone of discrete-time signal processing together with the notion of (time- invariant) linear filtering. We spend some time with the famous Poisson summation formulathe bridge between Fourier transforms and Fourier serieswhich is intimately connected to the celebrated ShannonNyquist sampling theorem of signal processing and is of special interest to physicists and engineers in that it justifies the calculations involving the Dirac train of impulses without recourse to distribution theory. For the Picture 3 Fourier theory of functions and sequences, some background in Hilbert spaces is required. The results obtained, such as the orthogonal projection theorem, the isometric extension theorem and the orthonormal basis theorem, will be recurrently used in the rest of the book.
1.1 Fourier Theory in Picture 4
1.1.1 Fourier Transform and Fourier Series
The sets of integers, positive integers and relative integers are denoted respectively by Picture 5 , Picture 6 and Picture 7 . The sets of real numbers, non-negative real numbers and complex numbers are denoted respectively by Picture 8 , Picture 9 and Picture 10 .
The Fourier Transform in Picture 11
For Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes - image 12 , Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes - image 13 denotes the collection of measurable functions Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes - image 14 such that Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes - image 15 . Similarly, for all intervals Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes - image 16 , Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes - image 17 denotes the collection of measurable functions Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes - image 18 such that Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes - image 19 . A function Picture 20 is called integrable (with respect to Lebesgue measure). A function Picture 21 is called square-integrable (with respect to Lebesgue measure). Picture 22 is, by definition, the set of functions Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes - image 23 that are in Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes - image 24 for all intervals Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes - image 25 . A function Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes - image 26 is said to be locally integrable. Similar definitions and notation will be used for functions Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes - image 27 when Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes - image 28 .
Definition 1.1.1
The Fourier transform ( ft ) of a function Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes - image 29 is the function Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes - image 30 defined by:
Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes - image 31
The mapping from the function to its Fourier transform will be denoted by Fourier Analysis and Stochastic Processes - image 32 or more simply, Picture 33 , whenever the context is unambiguous.
Theorem 1.1.1
The Fourier transform of a function is bounded and uniformly continuous Proof From the definition we have - photo 34 is bounded and uniformly continuous.
Proof
From the definition, we have that
where the last term does not depend on and is finite Also for all - photo 35
where the last term does not depend on and is finite Also for all The last term is independent of - photo 36 and is finite. Also, for all The last term is independent of and tends to - photo 37 ,
The last term is independent of and tends to as - photo 38
The last term is independent of Picture 39 and tends to Picture 40
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