Deng Xiaoping - Deng Xiaoping: A Revolutionary Life

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Alexander V. Pantsov with Steven I. Levine 2015

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Cataloging-in-Publication data is on file at the Library of Congress
ISBN 9780199392032
eISBN 9780199392056

To the memory of my parents,
Vadim Georgievich Ehrenburg (19241979)
and
Nina Stepanovna Pantsova (19292011),
I dedicate this book with love

Alexander V. Pantsov

IT GIVES US great pleasure to express our deep appreciation to those persons without whose attention and friendly assistance this work would never have seen the light of day. We want to express our thanks to Kirill Mikhailovich Anderson, Nikolai Sergeevich Arinchev, Daria Aleksandrovna Arincheva (Spichak), Richard Ashbrook, Peter W. Bernstein, Ekaterina Borisovna Bogoslovskaia, Denvy Bowman, Christopher Buckley, Chen Yung-fa, Georgii Iosifovich Cherniavskii, John Garnaut, Tamara Ivanovna Illarionova, Liubov Spiridonovna Kaliuzhnaia, James DeGrande, Liudmila Konstantinovna Karlova, Mikhail Vladimirovich Karpov, Elizaveta Pavlovna Kishkina (Li Sha, a widow of Li Lisan), Liudmila Mikhailovna Kosheleva, Boris Iosifovich Koval, Madeline G. Levine, Li Danhui, Inna Li (the daughter of Li Lisan), Li Yuzhen, Lin Liheng (Doudou, the daughter of Lin Biao), Lin Yin (Lena Jin), Dimon Liu, Liu Wei (a secretary of Deng Xiaopings daughter Deng Rong [Maomao] and a daughter-in-law of Deng Xiaopings secretary Wang Ruilin), William H. Magginis, David McBride, Nina Stepanovna Pantsova, Svetlana Markovna Rozental, John Sexton, Valintina Nikolaevna Shchetilina, Shen Zhihua, Valerii Nikolaevich Shepelev, Irina Nikolaevna Sotnikova, Evgeniia Aleksandrovna Tobol (a granddaughter of Igor Vasilievich Yurchenko [Yuzhin]), Yurii Tikhonovich Tutochkin, Ezra F. Vogel, Wang Fuzeng, Wang Jianjun (a secretary of the Guangan Municipal CCP Committee), Wei Jingsheng, Xiao Jing Wang (a grandson of Wang Zekai), Yu Minling, Zi Zhongyun (one of the interpreters for Deng Xiaoping, Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, and Zhou Enlai), Vladislav Martinovich Zubok, and to many citizens of the Peoples Republic of China who shared their reminiscences of their lives under Deng Xiaoping but who prefer to remain anonymous.

Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich (19141984). Secretary of Soviet Communist Party Central Committee, 19621967 and 1982. Chairman of KGB, 19671982. General secretary of Soviet Communist Party Central Committee, 19821984.

Bao Tong (1932). Secretary of Zhao Ziyang, 19801989. Head of CCP Central Committee research group of reform of political system. Arrested, 1989, and imprisoned. Released, 1996.

Bo Gu(real name: Qin Bangxian) (19071946). General secretary of CCP Central Committee, 19311935. Dengs antagonist.

Bo Yibo (19082007). Chinas finance minister, 19491953. Deputy premier, 19561975 and 19791982. Vice chairman of the Central Advisory Commission, 19821992. Member of Dengs powerful veteran circle.

Braun, Otto(alias Li De, Hua Fu) (19001974). Military adviser to CCP Central Committee, 19321935.

Brezhnev, Leonid Ilich (19061982). First (general) secretary of Soviet Communist Party Central Committee, 19641982.

Brzezinski, Zbigniew (b. 1928). U.S. national security advisor, 19771981.

Bukharin, Nikolai Ivanovich (18881938). Soviet Communist Party Central Committee Politburo member, 19241929. Member of the Presidium of Comintern, 19191929. Editor-in-chief of Pravda (Truth) newspaper, 19171929. Main theorist of the Bolshevik New Economic Policy.

Cai Hesen (18951931). Leader of the Chinese students in France, 192021. Member of CCP Central Executive Committee, 192728, and Politburo, 1931.

Carter, Jimmy (b. 1924). President of the United States of America, 19771981.

Chen Duxiu (18791942). Founder of the Chinese communist movement, leader of CCP, 19211927.

Chen Shaoyu(alias Wang Ming) (19041974). Dengs classmate in Moscow, 192627. De facto head of the CCP, 1931. Head of the CCP delegation to Comintern, 19311937.

Chen Yi (19011972). Commander of the Third Field Army, 19461949. Deputy premier, 19541972. Foreign minister, 19581972. PLA marshal from 1955.

Chen Yun(real name: Liao Chenyun) (19051995). Deputy premier, 19541965, 197980. Deputy chairman of CCP Central Committee, 19561966 and 19781982. First secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, 19821987. Chairman of the Central Advisory Commission, 19871992. Economic specialist. Member of Dengs powerful veteran circle.

Chiang Kai-shek (18871975). Commander in chief of Guomindang National Revolutionary Army from 1926. Head of Guomindang regime from 1928.

Dan (18841926). Dengs mother.

Deng Lin (b. 1941). Dengs first daughter.

Deng Liqun (b. 1915). Victim of Cultural Revolution. Dengs close assistant since 1975. Vice president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 19781980. Head of the CC CCP Propaganda Department, 19821987.

Deng Nan (b. 1945). Dengs second daughter.

Deng Pufang (b. 1944). Dengs first son.

Deng Rong(alias Maomao) (b. 1950). Dengs third daughter.

Deng Wenming (18861936). Dengs father.

Deng Xiaoping (19041997). Deputy premier, 19521968, 19731976, 19771980. Central Committee general secretary, 19561966. Purged in Cultural Revolution, but returned to power in 1977 and reversed Maos policies. Chairman of Central Military Commission, 19811989. Chinas paramount leader, 19781997.

Deng Yingchao (19041992). Zhou Enlais wife. Member of Dengs powerful veteran circle.

Deng Zhifang (b. 1951). Dengs second son.

Feng Yuxiang (18821948). Marshal, commander in chief of Nationalist Army, the 2nd Army Group of the Guomindang National-Revolutionary Army and Northwest Army, 19241930.

Gao Gang (19051954). Chairman of Northeast regional government, 19491952. Deputy premier, 19491954. Head of State Planning Commission, 19521954. Expelled from CCP, 1955.

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich