Ronald C. Keith - Deng Xiaoping and Chinas Foreign Policy

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p.i

Deng Xiaoping and Chinas Foreign Policy

Deng Xiaoping is widely acknowledged as the principal architect of Chinas economic reforms, but how far was he also responsible for shaping Chinas foreign policy that emphasized peace and development? This book explores Dengs foreign policy and shows how he established basic principles for China to have a foreign policy that supported economic development, stressed harmony in the world rather than hegemony, and which avoided conflict and nurtured a peaceful approach. The book outlines how Deng worked to normalize relations with both the United States and the Soviet Union, how he was disappointed by the lack of reciprocation by the United States, where relations are still portrayed in terms of the China threat, and how the principles established by Deng continue to be adhered to.

Ronald C. Keith is an adjunct professor in the Department of International Business and Asian Studies at Griffith University, Australia.

p.ii

Routledge Contemporary China Series

For our full list of available titles:

https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Contemporary-China-Series/book-series/SE0768

174 Interest Groups and New Democracy Movement in Hong Kong
Edited by Sonny Shiu-Hing Lo

175 Civil Society in China and Taiwan
Agency, class and boundaries
Taru Salmenkari

176 Chinese Fans of Japanese and Korean Pop Culture
Nationalistic narratives and international fandom
Lu Chen

177 Emerging Adulthood in Hong Kong
Social forces and civic engagement
Chau-kiu Cheung

178 Citizenship, Identity and Social Movements in the New Hong Kong
Localism after the Umbrella Movement
Edited by Wai Man Lam and Luke Cooper

179 The Politics of Memory in Sinophone Cinemas and Image Culture
Altering archives
Edited by Peng Hsiao-yen and Ella Raidel

180 Chinas Soviet Dream
Propaganda, culture, and popular imagination
Yan Li

181 Deng Xiaoping and Chinas Foreign Policy
Ronald C. Keith

p.iii

Deng Xiaoping and Chinas
Foreign Policy

Ronald C. Keith

p.iv

First published 2018
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2018 Ronald C. Keith

The right of Ronald C. Keith to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Names: Keith, Ronald C., author.

Title: Deng Xiaoping and Chinas foreign policy / Ronald C. Keith.

Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge contemporary China series ; 181 | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2017030975| ISBN 9781138221697 (hardback) | ISBN 9781315409696 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: Deng, Xiaoping, 1904-1997. | StatesmenChinaBiography. | ChinaForeign relations1949-

Classification: LCC DS778.D46 K45 2018 | DDC 327.51009/048dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017030975

ISBN: 978-1-138-22169-7 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-40969-6 (ebk)

Typeset in Times New Roman
by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon, UK

p.v

In Memoriam: Professor Stuart R. Schram

p.viii

ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations

CCP Chinese Communist Party

CCPCC Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party

CPSU Communist Party of the Soviet Union

CPSUCC Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

FBIS Foreign Broadcast Information Service

FRUS Foreign Relations of the United States

MAC Military Affairs Committee (CCPCC)

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization

PLA Peoples Liberation Army

PRC Peoples Republic of China

SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organization

SEZ Special Economic Zone

SWZEL Selected Works of Zhou Enlai, 2 vols.

SWDXP Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, 3 vols.

SWHJT Selected Works of Hu Jintao, 3 vols.

SWJZM Selected Works of Jiang Zemin, 1 vol.

SWMTT Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong), 5 vols.

UN United Nations

US United States

USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

WTO Warsaw Treaty Organization

XJPTZG Xi Jinping Talks on Ruling and Governance, 1 vol.

p.ix

I have been thinking about writing this book since the early 1990s publications of my Macmillan/St. Martins The Diplomacy of Zhou Enlai and its three separate, 1990, 1991 and 2013 Chinese translations in Beijing. Now is perhaps the right time to publish a sequel, Deng Xiaoping and Chinas Foreign Policy. Since then the debate surrounding China and whether it constitutes a threat still seems one-sided, and the unreserved extension of Cold War realism in the explanation of contemporary China has become more baffling in its persistence in the post-Cold War world. Moreover, since the early 1990s, a new generation of Chinese international relations scholarship has emerged, and with the elapse of time it is easier to assess the extent of the contemporary relevance of Dengs foreign policy.

I would make several preliminary comments. First, in the West, while Deng Xiaopings contribution to Chinas economic reform has been widely recognized, his foreign policy has been underappreciated, when in fact it was one of the most successful foreign policies of the twentieth century. Dengs relevance to Chinas contemporary foreign policy, after almost forty years of changing international relations, is still quite salient. Succeeding Chinese leadership generations and their policies have deliberately reflected a continuity of perspective and method of analysis in their approach to new levels of multipolarity, economic globalization, international financial crisis, bilateral and regional free trade agreements, rising religious and ethnic clashes and spreading non-traditional security threats.

Second, Western perspective on the China threat is a serious distortion that has stood in the way of positive foreign policy adaptations to Chinas constructive engagement in international affairs, and this book seeks a correction to the related assumptions underlying the criticisms of Western realism. As the worlds largest developing state with an ancient civilization, Chinese foreign policy cannot be captured in the conventional understanding of the rise and fall of great powers. Dengs emphasis on development has guided foreign policy formation since at least 1978.

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