Rae - The Arctic Journals of John Rae
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A Chronicle of Sea Rovers and Fur Hunters
by Agnes C. Laut
In the early sixteenth century, the first exploratory ships arrived on the Pacific Coast of North America. These rovers were seeking gold and silver, fur pelts, a safe passage from the Pacific to the Atlantic, and above all, adventure. Though many of the voyagers didnt survive the dangerous sea crossings or the perils that awaited them on land, their stories live on in Pioneers of the Pacific Coast.
Agnes C. Laut chronicles long-forgotten true storie`s packed with hazards and surprise. In the 1500s, The Golden Hind breaks into the Pacific Ocean, despite harsh warnings from the Spaniards that it was a closed sea. Years later, the Russian explorer Vitus Bering and his crew are stranded on an island when their ship is caught in a storm. In the 17th century, British Captain Vancouver meets with Spanish Captain Quadra at Nootka Sound to decide who owns the Pacific Coast. All these explorers risked their lives to find out whether this perilous land was worthy of settlement.
by Sir Robert McClure, Introduction by Anthony Dalton
For centuries, colonial powers searched for a sea passage that would link the Arctic and Pacific Oceans. The route, known as the Northwest Passage, would cut thousands of miles from sea travel and open up commercial trade to and from Asia. There were numerous expeditions to find the passage, though none successful. It was while searching for one of these failed expeditionsthe Franklin Expeditionthat Captain Robert McClure and his crew aboard the HMS Investigator became the first via sea and sledge to traverse and chart the elusive Northwest Passage.
First published in 1856, The Discovery of a Northwest Passage is comprised of McClures logs and journals from his time in the Arctic from 1850 to 1854. What began as a joint venture between commanding captain Richard Collinson of the Enterprise and Captain McClure, as his subordinate on the Investigator, became a solitary expedition. Separated along the way, McClure took a dangerous shortcut through the Aleutian Islands and ended up in the Bering Strait, ahead of his commanding ship. His route carried him to Banks Island and to the discovery of the Prince of Wales Strait. The first-hand account tells of the two harsh winters that McClure and his crew spent iced in the Bay of Mercy. And their rescue in 1853, when many from the ship were found suffering malnutrition and on the brink of death.
With an introduction by bestselling author and adventurer Anthony Dalton, The Discovery of a Northwest Passage is the original narrative of one of the most dramatic discoveries in Arctic sea travel.
The Adventures of Samuel Hearne
by Samuel Hearne, Introduction by Ken McGoogan
Widely recognized as a classic of northern-exploration literature, A Journey to the Northern Ocean is Samuel Hearne's story of his three-year trek to seek a trade route across the Barrens in the Northwest Territories. Hearne was a superb reporter, from his anguished description of the massacre of helpless Eskimos by his Indian companions to his meticulous records of wildlife, flora and Indian manners and customs. As esteemed author Ken McGoogan points out in his foreword: Hearne demonstrated that to thrive in the north, Europeans had to apprentice themselves to the Native peoples who had lived there for centuries-a lesson lost on many who followed.
First published in 1795, more than two decades after Hearne had completed his trek, the memoir was originally called A Journey from Prince of Wales's Fort in Hudson's Bay to the Northern Ocean in the years 1769, 1770, 1771, and 1772. This Classics West edition brings a crucial piece of Canadian history back into print.
John Rae kept exhaustive records of everywhere he went and everything he saw. Beyond the narrative are detailed lists of , a number of tables recording the dip of the needle and force of magnetic attractions at various stations as well as temperature readings from September 1846August 1847.
LIST OF MAMMALIA,
Collected during Mr. Raes Expedition, with
Observations by J.E. Gray, Esq., F.R.S. &c.
1. Mus Musculus. Linn. York Factory. Probably introduced from Europe.
2. Arctomys Parryi. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 158, tab. 10.
3. Lepus Glacialis. Leach. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 221.
Myodes.The specimens brought by the expedition have enabled me to make some corrections in the characters assigned to these species. I may observe that the large size or peculiar form of the claws which has been regarded as a character of the species, appears to be peculiar to one sexprobably the males.
1. The upper cutting teeth narrow, smooth without any longitudinal groove. Thumbwith a compressed curved acute claw. (Lemnus).
Myodes, Lemnus Pallas. Glires 77 of Sweden.
Myodes Helvolus. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 128, belong to this section. All the museum specimens of these species have small, simple, curved, acute claws.
4. Myodes Hudsonius. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 132.
Grey, black washed beneath white, sides reddish, sides of the neck red, nose with a central black streak, claws of male (?) very large, compressed, equal, broad to the end, and notched; of female small, acute. In winter with very long black white-tipped hairs. Mr. Rae brought home two males, one in winter and one in change fur, and two females in summer fur.
5. Myodes Greenlandicus.
Reddish-grey, brown, black varied, back with a longitudinal black streak, beneath grey brown, chest, nape, and sides ruffous. Front claw of males (?) compressed, curved, the under surface (especially of the middle one) with a broad, round, expanded tubercle. I have not seen this species showing any change in its winter fur.
2. Upper cutting teeth broader, with a central longitudinal groove. The claw of the front thumb strapshaped, truncated, and notched at the tip.
6. Myodes Helvolus. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 128. (female ?)
Fur very long, black, grey-brown; black grizzled, hinder part of the body reddish, beneath grey, sides yellowish. Claws of the fore feet (of the males ?) large, thick, rounded, curved, bluntly truncated at the tip; of the female compressed, curved, acute.
7. Myodes Trimuconatus. Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. 130.
Bright red brown, head blackish-grey, sides and beneath pale ruffous, chin white, claws moderate, compressed. This species is best distinguished from the former by its larger size and the great brightness of the colour, and the fur being much shorter and less fluffly.
LIST OF THE SPECIES OF BIRDS,
Collected by Mr. Rae during his late Expedition, named according to the Fauna Boreali-Americana, by G.R. Gray, Esq., F.L.S.
Falconid.
Aquila (Pandion) haliseta.
Falco peregrinus.
" islandicus.
Accipiter (Astur) palumbarius.
Buteo lagopus.
" (Circus) cyaneus.
Strigid.
Strix brachyota.
" funerea.
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