Dennis W Ducsik - Public Involvement in Energy Facility Planning: The Electric Utility Experience

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Public Involvement in Energy Facility Planning

About the Book and Editor

Because the power industry is anticipating greatly increased generating capacity requirements in the 1990s, political controversy over electricity demand and supply is likely to return to--and perhaps surpass--the level of rancor experienced during the 1970s. Fortunately, a sizable number of utility companies have come to believe that destructive confrontation can be avoided through public involvement early in facility planning, as well as through broader corporate policy.

If these initiatives might be termed the beginnings of a "revolution," so far it has been a quiet one in the sense that published literature is sparse. This book seeks to improve the situation by bringing together, under joint sponsorship of the American Planning Association and the Edison Electric Institute, an extensive collection of articles, proceedings, case studies, and other relevant accounts of the state of the art. It is the most comprehensive work to date on how the concept of open planning has been put into practice by progressive electric companies.

Dr. Dennis W. Ducsik is a research associate in the Energy Studies Group of the Center for Technology, Environment, and Development at Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts.

Public Involvement in Energy Facility Planning

The Electric Utility Experience

edited by Dennis W. Ducsik

First published 1986 by Westview Press

Published 2019 by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1986 by Taylor & Francis

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Public involvement in energy facility planning.
(Westview special studies in natural resources and
energy management)
"Annotated bibliography on citizen participation
in power facility siting": p.
1. Public utilities--Location--Decision making--Citizen
participation. I. Ducsik, Dennis W., 1946
II. Series.
HD9685.A2P83 1986 363.6'2'068 86-1620

ISBN 13: 978-0-367-28469-5 (hbk)

Contents

1. PART ONE
   ISSUES AND CONCERNS
2. PART TWO
   VIEWS OF PARTICIPATION PRACTITIONERS
3. PART THREE
   SELECTED PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT PROGRAMS
4. PART FOUR
   DETAILED CASE STUDIES

1. PART ONE
   ISSUES AND CONCERNS
2. PART TWO
   VIEWS OF PARTICIPATION PRACTITIONERS
3. PART THREE
   SELECTED PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT PROGRAMS
4. PART FOUR
   DETAILED CASE STUDIES

1. ii
2. iii

Guide

For decades, the electric utility industry sought locations for its new power plants in a fairly simple and straightforward manner. In many instances, all that was required was a flat tract of land of suitable size, an adjacent source of cooling water and, hopefully, reasonable proximity to the source of the load to be supplied. With the advent of the 60s and 70s, individual and collective attitudes toward such projects changed as the country experienced a heightened sensitivity to environmental values. At the same time, however, utilities were still taking advantage of economies of scale, particularly with respect to power plants, with the size of these units becoming increasingly large. Under such circumstances, the clash between environmental values and utility construction projects was inevitable. Such conflicts often resulted in, if not outright collapse of the proposed project, spectacular battles on the legal front and in the media. Storm King Mountain (N.Y.), Kaiparowits (Utah), Seabrook (N.H.), Turkey Point (Florida) -- all are reminiscent of major struggles between utilities and environmental interests.

Confrontations such as these led several utilities to realize that decisions which did not adequately take into account the views of affected groups and individuals would be difficult (if not impossible) to implement, perhaps even after regulatory approval was secured. To such companies, the concept of public involvement in planning, having gained legitimacy in transportation-related and urban renewal applications, seemed to be an attractive alternative to the old way of making siting decisions in strict confidence. Citizen participation theory holds, basically, that public consent for a proposed action cannot be developed in the absence of public trust that social values and concerns have been evaluated in parallel with technical considerations. And this is best achieved in the context of an open, visible, and credible decision-making process to which the public has access.

Early utility efforts at open planning were fashioned on little more than the notion that it was somehow "the right thing to do," or that it would "improve the company image." As time went on the practice of public involvement matured to the point where the subject found its way onto the agenda of many trade and professional meetings in the power industry. By the early 80s, the community of utilities with several years of experience had become sufficiently large to warrant the creation of a separate forum, in which practitioners could share information on their respective programs and evaluate the relative merits and future of public participation.

In March of 1982 the Edison Electric Institute took an important first step in that direction -- under the auspices of its Energy and Environment Committee -- by convening a workshop which brought together the key figures in utility participation programs all over the country. Before adjourning, the attendees urged that a permanent entity be established to advance the state-of-the-art of public involvement in electricity planning. Responding affirmatively later in 1982, EEI decided to create a standing Task Force on Public Participation. In its first year of operation the Task Force, in cooperation with the EEI Consumer Affairs Committee, sponsored the preparation of a handbook specifying the details of techniques for utility-citizen interaction. A training session to introduce the manual to utility personnel was subsequently held in Chicago, Illinois, in the summer of 1984.

This volume, the second major outgrowth of the 1982 workshop, represents a companion to the handbook effort in that it explores some of the larger issues associated with the design and implementation of public involvement programs. It encompasses much of the generic literature in the field, including not only reprints of major journal articles but also significant unpublished material such as the proceedings of the 1982 workshop (and of a similar event held in Canada the year before). What's more, it serves as the first formal outlet for reports on some of the more established company programs, together with several case histories of individual projects (three of which are covered in depth). The discussions herein should be of interest to those in municipal as well as investor-owned utilities; to those looking for information on participatory approaches to transmission routing as well as power plant siting; and to those who want an honest appraisal of the risks of public involvement as well as the benefits.

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