Stephen Matlin - Pathways to Global Health: Case Studies in Global Health Diplomacy

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PATHWAYS TO
GLOBAL HEALTH

Case Studies In Global Health Diplomacy
(Volume 2)

Global Health Diplomacy
ISSN: 2010-0493

Series Editors:Thomas E. Novotny (San Diego State University, USA)
Ilona Kickbusch (Graduate Institute of International and
Development Studies, Switzerland)

---

Published:

Vol. 1:Innovative Health Partnerwships: The Diplomacy of Diversity
edited by Daniel Low-Beer

Vol. 2:Negotiating and Navigating Global Health: Case Studies in Global Health Diplomacy
edited by Ellen Rosskam and Ilona Kickbusch

Vol. 3:21st Century Global Health Diplomacy
edited by Thomas E. Novotony, Ilona Kickbusch and Michaela Todd

Vol. 4:The European Union as a Global Health Actor
edited by Thea Emmerling, Ilona Kickbusch and Michaela Told

Vol. 5:Pathways to Global Health: Case Studies in Global Health Diplomacy (Volume 2)
edited by Stephen Matlin and Ilona Kickbusch

GLOBAL HEALTH DIPLOMACY Vol. 5

PATHWAYS TO
GLOBAL HEALTH

Case Studies in Global Health Diplomacy
(Volume 2)

Edited by

Stephen Matlin

Imperial College London, UK

Ilona Kickbusch

The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Switzerland

Published by

World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.

5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224

USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601

UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Matlin, Stephen, editor. | Kickbusch, Ilona, 1950 editor.

Title: Pathways to global health : case studies in global health diplomacy /
editors, Stephen Matlin, Ilona Kickbusch.

Other titles: Complemented by (work): Negotiating and navigating global health. |
Global health diplomacy ; v. 5.

Description: New Jersey : World Scientific, 2016. | Series: Global health diplomacy ; vol. 5 |
Complemented by Negotiating and navigating global health / edited by Ellen Rosskam &
Ilona Kickbusch. c2012. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2016028745| ISBN 9789813144019 (hardcover : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9813144017 (hardcover : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9789813144026 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9813144025 (pbk. : alk. paper)

Subjects: | MESH: Global Health | International Cooperation | Diplomacy |
Organizational Case Studies

Classification: LCC RA441 | NLM WA 530.1 | DDC 362.1--dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016028745

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Copyright 2017 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.

All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the publisher.

For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher.

Printed in Singapore

Contents

Stephen A. Matlin and Ilona Kickbusch

Mihly Kkny

3.How should the World Health Organization Reform?
An Analysis and Review of the Literature

Andrew Cassels, Ilona Kickbusch, Michaela Told, and Ioana Ghiga

Mark Rush and Sally C. Davies

Liam J. Donaldson and Paul D. Rutter

Rebecca Katz, Claire J. Standley, Sarah Kornblet, Erin Sorrell, Andrea Vaught, and Julie E. Fischer

Raymond Saner and Lichia Yiu

Jonathan Liberman and Suzanne Zhou

Kadidiatou Toure and Carole Presern

Marianne Haslegrave

Stephen A. Matlin and Ilona Kickbusch

Foreword

Health diplomacy has blossomed rapidly into prominence in the last few decades. This new prominence has taken place at a time when the whole field of diplomacy has been undergoing profound changes with respect to venues, approaches and the diversity of actors who participate. Negotiations on issues that directly or indirectly affect health are no longer confined to traditional health venues such as the World Health Assembly, but also occur in the UN, meetings of the G7, G20, World Trade Organization and a host of other global and regional bodies. They include not only the representatives of governments, but also an expanding array of non-state actors including non-governmental organizations, civil society and the private sector.

Amidst these changes and even while itself in the process of major reforms the World Health Organization retains a central role in health diplomacy. WHO is the only body with a constitutional mandate to cover the entire field of health globally and not just specific diseases, conditions, challenges or geographies. WHO is the only agency that holds a global normative function on health issues, enabling it to play a key role in initiating and negotiating international legal instruments, such as the International Health Regulations and the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

This volume presents case studies that share a common focus. They deal with health diplomacy negotiations, in Geneva or elsewhere, that have involved the WHO or that have substantial implications for the work of the WHO. They come from across the spectrum of global health diplomacy, beginning with the subject of the reform of the WHO itself and ranging across issues that include antimicrobial resistance, infectious diseases, tobacco, and health in the Sustainable Development Goals.

The case studies provide insights into the realities of multi-stakeholder engagements in health diplomacy through real-life examples. They illuminate how the different actors operate, how globalization and the increasing use of new information and communication technologies and social media are influencing the practice of diplomacy and shaping the way WHO engages and evolves as a central player within the matrix.

The analysis and the lessons to be learned from these case studies will be of value to both students and practitioners of this dynamic field.

Dr. Margaret Chan
Director-General
World Health Organization

1

Introduction: Charting Pathways in Global Health Diplomacy

Stephen A. Matlin and Ilona Kickbusch

1.The Evolving Field of Global Health Diplomacy

Diplomacy is a dynamic field that has undergone a continuous process of evolution in form, purpose, and content. Since the 19th century, this evolution has been marked by a shift from predominantly bilateral and often secret engagements between sovereign states pursuing foreign policy objectives to more public and multilateral engagements.

Health diplomacy has accompanied this evolution. While not being classified as health diplomacy at the time, health has been linked with foreign policy processes for centuries (e.g., in the restrictions on movement associated with efforts to control the spread of bubonic plague in Europe in the 14th century), both as a goal as well as a tool of foreign policy, to secure economic or security interests of states and an intended outcome in the collective negotiation of competing interests.8 Health diplomacy has expanded from the narrowly focused International Sanitary Conferences of the mid-19th century, which aimed to protect states from the influx of communicable diseases accompanying migration and trade, to include a wide range of issues of global concern.

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