Politics and
Nuclear Power
Politics and
Nuclear Power
ENERGY POLICY IN
WESTERN EUROPE
Michael T. Hatch
For my parents
Copyright 1986 by The University Press of Kentucky
Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth, serving Bellarmine College, Berea College, Centre College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University, The Filson Club, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University.
Editorial and Sales Offices: Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0024
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hatch, Michael T., 1945
Politics and nuclear power.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Nuclear industryGovernment policyEurope.
2. Nuclear power plantsGovernment policyEurope.
3. Energy policyEurope. I. Title.
HD9698.E82H38 1986 333.7924094 85-29545
ISBN: 978-0-8131-5256-1
Contents
Acknowledgments
This study would not have been possible without the support and encouragement of numerous individuals to whom I owe much. Initial encouragement was provided through participation in the research project Studies on International Scientific and Technological Regimes, directed by Ernst B. Haas and John Gerard Ruggie, housed in the Institute of International Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, and funded through the Rockefeller Foundation. A doctoral dissertation developed out of this project, financial support for the field work coming primarily from the German Fulbright Commission; additional support during the writing process was provided by the Institute of International Studies at Berkeley. The effectiveness of my research in Europe was greatly enhanced by the Deutsche Gesellschaft Fuer Auswaertige Politik, which opened its facilities to me throughout my stay in Bonn. Likewise, the assistance of the Atlantic Institute and its staff proved invaluable for my research in Paris. The resources subsequently required for rewriting and revisions were generously provided by the Politics Board at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and the Political Science Department of the University of California, Davis.
Many public officials in the Federal Republic of Germany, France, and the Netherlands gave freely of their time and opinions while being interviewed. To them, I am most grateful. My gratitude also goes out to John P. Holdren and Leslie Lipson who, as members of my dissertation committee, patiently read and commented on the earlier version of this manuscript. In the process of transforming this study from a dissertation into a book, the assistance received from reviewers and editors associated with the University Press of Kentucky has been invaluable.
In acknowledging debts, members of the Politics Board and the Comparative and International Studies O.R.A. at the University of California, Santa Cruzwhere the bulk of the revisions were donemust receive special mention. As friends, they lightened an often arduous task and as colleagues, they provided critical comments. In particular, I would like to thank Michael Brown, who read and commented on the entire manuscript, and Isebill Gruhn, whose critiques of parts of the study were most useful. My greatest debt, however, is to Ernest B. Haas, who provided the intellectual guidance and unstinting support that made this study possible. What merit this study may have is due in large part to his influence; its shortcomings were beyond even his capabilities to remedy.
Finally, to my parents and friends go heartfelt thanks; their encouragement and support provided a constant source of renewal throughout the writing process.
Abbreviations
AEG | Allgemeine Elektrizitaets Gesellschaft |
ARP | Anti-Revolutionaire Partij, Evangelische Volkspartij |
BBC | Brown, Boverie & Cie |
BBU | Bundesverband Buergerinitiativen Umweltschutz |
BMFT | Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie |
BMI | Bundesministerium des Innern |
BMWi | Bundesministerium fuer Wirtschaft |
CDA | Christen-Demokratisch Appel |
CDF | Charbonnages de France |
CDU | Christlich-Demokratische Union |
CE | Coal Equivalent |
CEA | Commissariat lEnergie Atomique |
CFDT | Confdration Franaise Dmocratique du Travail |
CFP | Compagnie Franaise des Ptroles |
CGE | Compagnie Gnrale dElectricit |
CGT | Confdration Gnrale du Travail |
CHU | Christlijk-Historische Unie |
CNEN | Comitato Nazionale per lEnergia Nucleare |
CNV | Christelijk Nationaal Vakverbond in Nederland |
Cogema | Compagnie Gnrale des Matires Nuclaires |
CPN | Communistische Partij van Nederland |
CREST | Comit de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique |
CSU | Christlich-Soziale Union |
D66 | Democraten66 |
DGB | Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund |
DWK | Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Wiederaufarbeitung von Kernbrennstoffen |
EC | European Community |
ECSC | European Coal and Steel Community |
ECU | European Currency Unit |
EDF | Electricit de France |
EEC | European Economic Community |
ENA | Ecole Nationale dAdministration |
ENI | Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi |
EP | Ecole Polytechnique |
ERAP | Entreprise de Recherche et dActivit Ptrolire |
Euratom | European Atomic Energy Community |
Eurodif | European Gaseous Diffusion Enrichment Plant Study Group |
FBR | Fast Breeder Reactor |
FDP | Freie Demokratische Partei |
FNV | Federatie Nederlandse Vakbeweging |
GDF | Gaz de France |
GDP | Gross Domestic Product |
GNP | Gross National Product |
GW | Gigawatt |
HTR | High Temperature Reactor |
IAEA | International Atomic Energy Agency |
IEA | International Energy Agency |
INB | Internationale-Natrium-Brutreaktor-Baugesellschaft |
INFCE | International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation |
Interatom | Internationale Atomreaktorbau |
KVP | Katholieke Volkspartij |
kWh | kilowatt hour |
KWU | Kraftwerk Union |
LMFBR | Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor |
LNG | Liquid Natural Gas |
LWR | Light Water Reactor |
Mbd | million barrels per day |
Mtce | million ton coal equivalent |
Mtpe | million ton petroleum equivalent |