Majid Tehranian - Rethinking Civilization: Resolving Conflict in the Human Family

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Rethinking Civilization

Rethinking Civilization offers an alternative view of human civilization in a globalizing age. Majid Tehranian analyses the transition from nomadic, to agrarian, commercial, industrial, and digital civilizations and argues that the growing gaps among the five major civilizations have led to terror operating as a form of global communication.

This new book explores the uneven pace of development of human societies, particularly in the last two centuries, and argues that this is leading to a global civil war. Taking a long-term historical perspective, and developing a model that explains how empires, resistance, and civilizations have evolved alongside major technological breakthroughs in history, Tehranian offers a multi-cultural and multi-disciplinary analysis of the phenomenon.

Seeking to counter the current rhetorical trends, Tehranian

reconceptualizes civilization to make it a useful analytical rather than ideological category

defines the varieties of terrorism, including structural, nuclear, state, opposition, messianic, and anomic

addresses the contemporary problems of global governance and the evolution of international relations

traces the evolution of global communication from orality to literacy, print, electronic, and digital modes

forecasts the emerging problems of encounters among the five civilizations.

This unique and original volume will be of great interest to students and researchers of globalization, international relations, peace studies and sociology.

Majid Tehranian is director of the Toda Institute for Global Peace and Policy Research, Tokyo, Hawaii, and California. His most recent publications are Global Civilization: A BuddhistIslamic Dialogue (with Daisaku Ikeda); Global Communication and World Politics; and Technologies of Power: Information machines and democratic prospects.

Rethinking Globalizations

Edited by Barry Gills
University of Newcastle, UK

This series is designed to break new ground in the literature on globalization and its academic and popular understanding. Rather than perpetuating or simply reacting to the economic understanding of globalization, this series seeks to capture the term and broaden its meaning to encompass a wide range of issues and disciplines and convey a sense of alternative possibilities for the future.

1 Whither Globalization?
The vortex of knowledge and globalization
James H. Mittelman

2 Globalization and Global History
Edited by Barry K. Gills, William R. Thompson

3 Rethinking Civilization
Resolving conflict in the human family
Majid Tehranian

Rethinking Civilization

Resolving conflict in the human family

Majid Tehranian

First published 2007 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2007 Majid Tehranian

Typeset in Garamond Three by
RefineCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Tehranian, Majid.

Rethinking civilization: resolving conflict in the human family

p. cm(Rethinking globalizations ; 3)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Civilization, Modern21st century. 2. Terrorism. 3. CommunicationPolitical aspects. 4. Communication, International. I. Title.

CB428.T414

2007

909.83dc22

2006019611

ISBN10: 041577070X (hbk)
ISBN10: 0415770696 (pbk)

ISBN13: 9780415770705 (hbk)
ISBN13: 9780415770699 (pbk)

Dialogue

For Daisaku Ikeda

We met as strangers,
We became fast, feisty friends
Across the time, space, agency
And speech that divide us.
We forged
A bond without bondage,
A link without chains,
A union without states,
In the kingdom of the spirit.
Our language of the heart
Is sweeter
Than the language of the tongue
(tearing us apart)
Bringing
A joy
That unites us,
In our yearnings
For transcendence
Beyond the finitude,
Fragility,
And frailty,
Of our times and spaces,
Our speeches,
And our sufferings.

Majid Tehranian
Tokyo, July 30, 1992

Contents

Figures

Tables

Acknowledgments

This book stands on the shoulders of such giants as Herodotus, Tabari, Gibbon, Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Batuta, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Arnold Toynbee, H. G. Wells, Fernand Braudel, Michel Foucault, and many other world scholars whom I have neglected to mention.

Two chapters in the book, 3 and 6, have been previously published under different titles, but they have been significantly revised for this volume. has appeared in The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 7:2, Spring 2002, under the title of Peace Journalism: Negotiating Global Media Ethics.

In the journey toward this volume, I have gathered many other debts. Daisaku Ikeda set me on the road to this particular inquiry when we met in Tokyo in 1992 and talked about the encounter of Buddhist and Islamic civilizations along the Silk Road (Ikeda and Tehranian 2003). The Toda Institute office gave me respite from teaching duties. Tomosaburo Hirano, Satoko Takahashi, Hauoli Busby, and Angel Ryono were my companions in this journey. Other friends helped me along the way by their comments or criticisms. Without holding them responsible for the errors of fact and judgment that still remain, I wish to sincerely thank them. Among such friendly critics I owe special gratitude to the anonymous readers of Oneworld Publications and I.B. Tauris, Andrew Arno, Bagher Asadi, Iraj Bagherzadeh, Jerry Bentley, Tom Coffman, Richard Falk, Jay Heffron, Fred Riggs, Nur Yalman, Jim Dator, Jonathan Friedman, Dan Rosenthal, and Anthony Smith. I owe a special debt of gratitude to Barry Gills for his incisive comments and suggestions.

My greatest debt is to my wife, Katharine, whose love has sustained me through the years. My learned and beloved childrenJohn, Maryam, Yalda and Terrencehave tolerated my absent-mindedness when my head was in the clouds.

Majid Tehranian
Newport Coast, California
April 8, 2006

1 Introduction

This survey of the moral topography of Jihad suggests that McWorldthe spiritual poverty of marketsmay bear a portion of the blame for the excesses of the holy war against the modern; and that jihad as a form of negation reveals Jihad as a form of affirmation. Jihad tends the soul that McWorld abjures and strives for the moral well-being that McWorld, busy with the consumer choices it mistakes for freedom, disdains. Jihad thus goes to wars with McWorld and, because each worries the other will obstruct and ultimately thwart the realization of its ends, the war between them becomes a holy war.

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