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Andrei Brezianu - Historical Dictionary of Moldova

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Andrei Brezianu Historical Dictionary of Moldova
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The Republic of Moldova claims a European lineage reaching back in time long before its 14th century accession to statehood. In the 15th century, it managed against all odds to avoid being conquered by Islam and_albeit an intermittent vassal after 1485_it maintained its autonomy and was never turned into a province of the Ottoman Empire. After this period, however, Moldova would not be so fortunate, as it altered between Russian, Romanian, and Soviet control until it finally gained its independence in 1991 from the Soviet Union. The second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Moldova, through its chronology, introduction, appendixes, maps, bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on important persons, places, events, and institutions and significant political, economic, social, and cultural aspects, traces the history of this small, but densely populated country, providing a compass for the direction it is heading.

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Table of Contents Acknowledgments This second edition of the Historical - photo 1
Table of Contents

Acknowledgments

This second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Moldova was made possible with the help of Mr. Vlad Spnu, president of the Washington, D.C. area-based Moldova Foundation, who gave his time, research materials, and expertise in providing up-to-date data that are significantly reflected in this volume. They include, first and foremost, entries dealing with political events and social-economic developments that occurred in the Republic of Moldova after 2000, the year of the first edition, as well as relevant additions to entries dealing with Moldovan cultural, artistic, and political personalities that did not appear in the first edition. An important segment of new entries on which we worked together deals with a number of personalities born in Moldova who achieved international reputation abroad, many of them from Moldovas minorities.

The actual collection of current information in this new edition of the dictionary was assisted, one more time, by the precious professional advice of Grant Harris of the Library of Congress, to whom is owed a special debt of gratitude.

Appendix A
Chairpersons of Moldovas Legislative Bodies
Chairpersons nameDates in office
Ion Incule*21 November 1917-30 March 1918
Constantin Stere*30 March-25 November 1918
Devolution of legislative powers by Sfatul rii to the parliament of the Kingdom of Romania1918-1940
Succession of Moscow-approved chairmen of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist RepublicJune 1940-June 1941
Wartime suspension of legislative bodies, with all powers assumed by Romanian authoritiesJune 1941-July 1944
Succession of Moscow-approved chairmen of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist RepublicJuly 1944-April 1990
Mircea Snegur**April 1990-3 September 1990
Alexandru Moanu***3 September 1990-January 1993
Petru Lucinschi4 February 1993-1 December 1996
Dumitru Mopan5 March 1997-23 April 1998
Dumitru Diacov23 April 1998-20 March 2001
Eugenia Ostapciuc20 March 2001-24 March 2005
Marian Lupu24 March 2005-
* Chairman of Sfatul rii
** Chairman of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet of Moldavia
*** Since 1991, the position is officially named chairman of the parliament of the Republic of Moldova
Appendix B
Presidents of Moldova
Presidents nameDates in office
Mircea Snegur3 September 1990-15 January 1997
Petru Lucinschi15 January 1997-4 April 2001
Vladimir Voronin4 April 2001-
Appendix C
Prime Ministers of Moldova
Prime ministers nameDates in office
Pantelimon Erhan*4 December 1917-1 February 1918
Daniel Ciugureanu*1 February 1918-27 November 1918
Executive powers devolved to the prime minister of RomaniaNovember 1918-June 1940
Executive powers assumed by the Soviet Union and the Communist Party of the USSR, in conjunction with the Communist Party of the MSSRJune 1940-June 1941
Executive powers assumed by wartime Romanian authoritiesJune 1941-July 1944
Executive powers assumed by the Soviet Union and the Communist Party of the USSR, in conjunction with the Communist Party of the MSSRJuly 1944-May 1990
Mircea Druc26 May 1990-28 May 1991
Valeriu Muravschi28 May 1991-1 July 1992
Andrei Sangheli1 July 1992-24 January 1997
Ion Ciubuc24 January 1997-12 March 1999
Ion Sturza12 March 1999-21 December 1999
Dumitru Braghi21 December 1999-19 April 2001
Vasile Tarlev19 April 2001-
Chairman of the Council of General Directory of the Moldovan Democratic Federated Republic
About the Authors

Andrei Brezianu is an independent scholar and researcher and the author of several books of essays and studies in cross-cultural communication. A resident of Washington, D.C., he worked as a publicist and international broadcaster with the Voice of America (1986-2001) and was course chair of the Romania/Moldova area studies of the George P. Shultz Foreign Service Institute of the National Foreign Affairs Training Center (2002-2003). Brezianu holds a PhD in intellectual history and comparative literature from the University of Bucharest. As a Fellow of Churchill College, he was granted MA status by the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (1985). He has written extensively on subjects ranging from European history and the history of ideas, to comparative literature, art, politics, and the media. In addition to cross-cultural communication and the media in the age of globalization, Brezianus main research interests include the history of Moldova as part of European culture and the contributions of the Moldovan authors Demetrius Cantemir and Costache Conachi to its heritage in past centuries.

Earlier in his career, Dr. Brezianu taught English at the University of Bucharest (1970-1979), comparative literature at the Catholic University of America (1990-1991), journalism at the University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania (1998), and courses on the media, the public sphere, and democratic values at the Free International University of Moldova Summer School (1998, 1999, 2000). Brezianus published works include seven books, dozens of studies in the history of culture, and over 1,500 pages of published translations.

Vlad Spnu is a resident of Virginia and the president of the Moldova Foundation, a Washington, D.C. area-based nonpolitical and nonprofit organization advocating stronger ties between the United States and Moldova, democratic transformations in the Republic of Moldova, and a resolution of the trans-Nistrian conflict. He is one of the coauthors of the successfully promoted 3-D strategy (democratization, decriminalization, demilitarization) for the settlement of the trans-Nistrian conflict.

Spnu served as a senior Moldovan diplomat both in Chiinu and abroad between 1992 and 2001, holding policy positions at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Moldova, including those of director of the Economic Policy Division; national coordinator within the Southeastern European Cooperation Initiative, the Central European Initiative, and the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization; and minister counselor and deputy chief of mission in Washington, D.C. He was part of the new team of young diplomats who worked toward establishing bilateral and multilateral relations of the newly independent country and negotiated Moldovas first trade and investment agreements.

Spanu holds a bachelors degree in economics from the State University of Moldova (1983), and an MA in administration from Romanias National School of Political and Administrative Studies (1992). He pursued diplomatic studies at the Clingendael Institute of International Relations in The Hague (1993). In 2003, he earned his MPA from Harvards Kennedy School of Government as an Edward S. Mason Fellow in the Public Policy and Management Program. Spnu authored International Business Communication: A Case Study on Moldova: 1991-2001. He also wrote the 2002 and the 2003 reports on Moldova for Nations in Transit: Civil Society, Democracy, and Markets in East, Central Europe and the Newly Independent States and wrote the chapter Why Is Moldova Poor and Economically Volatile? for the book The EU and Moldova: On a Fault-Line of Europe.

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