Vishwamitra Sharma - Famous Indians of the 20th Century: Insights on Over 100 Famous Indians - From the Early Years to Achievements in Their Chosen Fields

F AMOUS I NDIANS

OF THE

20th C ENTURY

Vishwamitra Sharma

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ISBN 978-935-05724-1-2

DISCLAIMER

While every attempt has been made to provide accurate and timely information in this book, neither the author nor the publisher assumes any responsibility for errors, unintended omissions or commissions detected therein. The author and publisher make no representation or warranty with respect to the comprehensiveness or completeness of the contents provided.

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U ndoubtedly the cradle of the first major civilisation, five millennia ago India was a fabled land where milk and honey flowed freely. Through the next few millennia, the land produced many noble souls who kept the countrys rich spiritual and cultural heritage throbbing. From astronomy, mathematics and medicine to spiritual mastery and renowned universities, the land produced the best in all spheres.

Somewhere down the line, we lost our way, with complacency and inertia taking over, even as the world forged ahead and we were enslaved by different foreign invaders, including the British.

Centuries of serfdom, strife and struggle followed, as we sought to assert our identity and preserve the nations rich cultural heritage. It was during this period of enslavement that countless inspiring personalities came to the helm, exhorting countrymen to awake from their slumber, throw off the foreign yoke and reclaim Indias rightful place among the comity of nations. One man who inspired Indians and foreigners through his oratory was 19th century legend, Swami Vivekananda, who once said: First reform yourself before you reform the world. And a writer like Premchand used the written word as a source of inspiration.

Some of the most inspiring personalities lived during the 20th century, a crucial period in the countrys march towards independence. In this reawakening, individuals from every sphere contributed their mite: freedom fighters, politicians, social reformers, writers, artists and philosophers - even film and sports personalities. For instance, hockey wizard Dhyan Chand helped India whitewash all the white, supposedly superior nations during the Amsterdam (1928), Los Angeles (1932) and Berlin (1936) Olympics. Indias stupendous gold run during this period dazzled onlookers, stunned opponents and silenced critics. It was moments such as these that had the nation glowing with pride, underscoring the fact that true genius couldnt be repressed despite centuries of cultural and imperialist hegemony.

Added to these were the inspiring examples of Gandhi, Tilak, Vinoba Bhave, Sri Aurobindo, Rabindranath Tagore and countless others who led from the front during the freedom struggle. Most Indian leaders eschewed violence, focusing on our ancient tradition of non-violent protest.

Once freedom was won, the war was still not over. Centuries of foreign domination had bankrupted the nation and its treasury and the Made in India tag carried negative connotations. A new crop of individuals then came to the fore, ensuring the country did not lag behind in innovation and entrepreneurial spirit. JRD Tata, MS Oberoi, GD Birla, AB Godrej, Jamnalal Bajaj, Jagadish Chandra Bose, CV Raman, Homi Bhabha, Dhirubhai Ambani and others ensured that Indias ancient spirit of enterprise was re-ignited. And a guru like Osho Rajneesh showed the path of spiritual freedom not just to Indians but also to foreigners.

Where once we did not manufacture even a safety pin, India is today the cynosure of all eyes with the worlds largest pool of trained manpower. In many spheres, the Made in India tag is now flaunted, not hidden - particularly in Information Technology. Where once Indian students aspired to study at Oxford, Cambridge, Stanford and other foreign universities, today the best foreign companies come to India every year for bodyshopping at the IIT campuses, vying for our best brains through stupendous packages!

In this amazing turnaround, hundreds and thousands of Indians have played a key role. Selecting only hundred-odd names has been an arduous task, with other equally deserving ones having been left out due to space constraints. This is not just a collection of achievements and milestones by select individuals - it is the story of an entire era.

I am grateful to M/s Pustak Mahal for accepting this book for publication. Thanks also to Ms A Sunita Purushottaman for helping me in this endeavour. And grateful thanks to the editorial staff at Pustak Mahal without whose untiring efforts this book would not have seen the light of day.