Geir Hønneland - Implementing international environmental agreements in Russia

Series editors Mikael Skou Andersen and Duncan Liefferink

At the start of the twenty-first century, the environment has come to stay as a central concern of global politics. This series takes key problems for environmental policy and examines the politics behind their cause and possible resolution. Accessible and eloquent, the books make available for a non-specialist readership some of the best research and most provocative thinking on humanitys relationship with the planet.

Science and politics in international environmental regimes Steinar Andresen, Tora Skodvin, Arild Underdal and Jrgen Wettestad

Congress and air pollution: environmental politics in the US Christopher J. Bailey

Sustaining Amazonia: grassroots action for productive conservation Anthony Hall

The protest business? Mobilizing campaign groups Grant Jordan and William Maloney

Implementing EU environmental policy Christoph Knill and Andrea Lenschow (eds)

Environment and the nation state: the Netherlands, the European Union and acid rain Duncan Liefferink

Valuing the environment Raino Malnes

Public purpose or private benefit? The politics of energy conservation Gill Owen

Environmental pressure groups Peter Rawcliffe

North Sea cooperation: linking international and domestic pollution control Jon Birger Skjrseth

Governance by green taxes Mikael Skou Andersen

European environmental policy: the pioneers Mikael Skou Andersen and Duncan Liefferink (eds)

The new politics of pollution Albert Weale

Environmental policy-making in Britain, Germany and the European Union Rdiger K. W. Wurzel

Geir Hnneland

and

Anne-Kristin Jrgensen

Copyright Geir Hnneland and Anne-Kristin Jrgensen 2003

The right of Geir Hnneland and Anne-Kristin Jrgensen to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN 978 0 7190 6386 2

First published 2003

10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Typeset in Sabon
by Northern Phototypesetting Co. Ltd, Bolton
Printed in Great Britain
by Bell & Bain Ltd, Glasgow

The research underlying this book was made possible by two different grants. First, studies of the implementation of international environmental agreements in Russia constituted part of the Fridtjof Nansen Institutes (FNI) strategic institute programme International Environmental and Natural Resources Regimes: Implementation, Conflict and Synergy. The programme was financed by the Norwegian Research Council and carried out during the period 19992001. Second, the empirical data needed for the book were mainly collected under the project Northwestern Russia as a Non-Military Threat to Norway: Mechanisms for Problem Solving at the International, National and Sub-National Level, financed by the Norwegian Ministry of Defence for the years 20002001. The book also partly builds on our previous research on Northwest Russian politics, particularly in the spheres of fisheries management, nuclear safety, federalism and civilmilitary relations.

We are indebted to a number of colleagues and partners for input to and feedback on our research. Our work on Russian fisheries management has been carried out together with Frode Nilssen at the Norwegian Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture. Likewise, we have worked closely together with our colleagues Arild Moe and Steven Sawhill on the study of nuclear safety issues in Russia. Our more generalised focus on Russian politics has in recent years benefited from collaboration with the Centre for Russian Studies at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, and, in particular, with its director Helge Blakkisrud. Olav Schram Stokke, research director of the FNI and project leader of the above-mentioned strategic institute programme, helped formulate the books research topic and has offered valuable advice and comments on parts of the manuscript. Thanks are also due to Christel Elvestad, Arild Moe, Elena Nikitina, Frode Nilssen, Ivan Safranchuk, Steven Sawhill, Jrgen Wettestad and an anonymous reviewer for comments. The standard phrase that the authors take full responsibility for the contents of the book applies here too, naturally.

Thanks also to Boris Alekseyev, Sergey Filippov, Lyudmila Ivanova, Frode Johansen, Igor Lebedev, Ernst Lukmanov, Christen Mordal, Lyubov Nikiforova, Aleksandr Ruzankin, Irina Sokolova, Anatoliy Vasilyev, Anatoliy Yevenko, Aleksandr Zelentsov, Vyacheslav Zilanov and Andrey Zolotkov for helpful advice, to Claes Lykke Ragner for cartography, Chris Saunders for language editing and Maryanne Rygg for the final editing of the text.

In the transcription of Russian words into Latin characters, we have tried to pay attention both to general practice and consistency. Although we wanted to give consistency the upper hand, we have occasionally allowed exceptions in order not to depart from what might be considered general practice. While the Russian is generally transcribed as yo, we maintain customary English transcriptions such as Gorbachev, for instance. Russian e is written as ye at the beginning of words and after vowels. Nevertheless, we skip the y in proper names that already have a common spelling in English, e.g. Karelia. The Russian hard and soft signs are not transcribed.

The names of Russian organisations are generally rendered in English translation rather than by their Russian acronyms, which would probably bring little meaning to readers without any Russian. Exceptions are made in the case of organisations whose full names are seldom used in Russian. For instance, we write the State Committee for Fisheries (instead of the more colloquial Goskomryba), but maintain acronyms such as Sevryba and Murmanrybvod. All translations from the Russian and Norwegian are by the authors.