Jorge Rabassa - Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula 1983

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EDITORIAL BOARD

Arthur L. Bloom, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA

Francisco Fidalgo, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

Alberto Rex Gonzlez, La Plata, Argentina

Calvin J. Heusser, New York University, New York, USA

Robert Hoffstetter, Musum National dHistoire Naturelle, Paris, France

Rosendo Pascual, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

Enrique J. Schnack, Comisin de Investigaciones Cientficas,

Mar del Plata, Argentina

Carlos Schubert, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientficas, Caracas, Venezuela

George Gaylord Simpson, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA

Luis Spalletti, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

Kenitiro Suguo, Universidade de Sao Paulo, So Paulo, Brazil

Mario E. Teruggi, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

Eduardo P. Tonni, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

Daniel A. Valencio, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

The texts of the various papers in this volume were set individually by typists under the supervision of each of the authors concerned.

ISBN 90 6191 513 9

1983 A.A. Balkema, P.O. Box 1675, 3000 BR Rotterdam

For USA & Canada: MBS, 99 Main Street, Salem NH 03079

Printed in the Netherlands

Contents

Jan Lundqvist
Carl C:zon Caldenius and the Swedish work on Quaternary geology in Argentina

Calvin J.Heusser
Quaternary palynology of Chile

Eduardo P.Tonni & Francisco Fidalgo
Geology and palaeontology of Pleistocene sediments at Punta Hermengo area (Miramar, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina): Some palaeoclimatic aspects

Maria Luisa Lorscheitter
Evidences of sea oscillations of the Late Quaternary in Ro Grande do Sul, Brazil, provided by palynological studies

Daniel R.Cobos & Jos A. Boninsegna
Fluctuations of some glaciers in the Upper Atuel River basin, Mendoza, Argentina

Hctor L.DAntoni
Pollen analysis of Gruta del Indio

Mirta Quattrocchio, Roberto Schillizzi & Aldo Prieto Quaternary sediments in the Estacin Berraondo area
(Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)

Anbal J.Figini, Roberto A.Huarte, Gabriel J.Gmez, Jorge E. Carbonari & Alicia Zubiaga
Museo de La Plata Radiocarbon Measurements I

Ekkehard Jordan
The utility of a glacier inventory to developing countries such as Bolivia

Eduardo A.Crivelli Montero & Mario J.Silveira
Radiocarbon chronology of a tephra layer in Ro Traful Valley, Province of Neuqun, Argentina

Amalia C.Sanguinetti de Brmida & Luis A.Borrero
Las Buitreras Cave and the palaeoenvironments of the Ro Gallegos valley, Province of Santa Cruz, Argentina

The South American continent extends between latitudes 13 N and 57 S, approximately, stretching some 7700 km of highly varied biomes and ecosystems: from the lush and inextricable Amazonian rainforests to the cold and lonely Patagonian mesetas, from the open Pampas of Argentina and Uruguay to the Bolivian salt-lakes and the desertic Puna.

The Cordillera de los Andes is a common feature of the entire continent, holding the highest mountains of the Southern Hemisphere, with several peaks approaching 7000 m. The largest fluvial basin of the world, the Amazon, and two other of also great importance as the Orinoco and the Paran drain its territory.

South American landscape is also varied with rather sharp contrasts: the Paraguayan Chaco plains, the rugged mountains of the Colombian, Ecuadorian and Peruvian Andes, the Venezuelan llanos, the deserts of Northern Chile, are all good examples of its high landscape diversity.

With all climates represented, South America is a rich source of endemism and its faunas and floras have aroused the interest of many scientists for almost five centuries.

South America kept its continental separation from North America until the Pliocene, when the active Tertiary tectonics built the isthmus bridge between the two gigantic land-masses and ended the isolation of the particular Tertiary mammal faunas of South America. In addition, this same tectonic event destroyed the geological continuity with the Antarctic Peninsula and started the build-up of the Antarctic Convergence.

For many investigators, this would have been the beginning of the Upper Cenozoic glacial ages. Therefore, it is in South America and the Antarctic Peninsula where key evidence to understand the mechanism and chronology of the onset of glaciation could be found.

Hence, the occurrence of fascinating fossil and extant faunas, unique landscapes and ecosystems, neotectonics and vulcanism associated to the struggle between the continental masses and the Pacific plates, distribution of rain-forests and deserts, the existence of glacial features and marine terraces, as well as tropical and subantarctic glaciers, all determine a wonderful context, whose interpretation and proper evaluation will be feasible only after a clear understanding of the geological, climatic and ecological episodes of the Quaternary events of South America and Antarctic Peninsula is achieved.

The body of knowledge on the Quaternary of South America has remained, by far, restricted to isolated investigations done by local researchers and few European and North American scientists and explorers. Its status as an integrated and interdisciplinary field of study is still non-existent while the information generated is, consequently and unfortunately, fragmentary.

With Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula we hope to fullfill the need for interaction and propagation of the scientific activity and efforts vinculated to this geological epoch in our Continent.

This task will undoubtedly be achieved only with the valuable cooperation of those colleagues presently active in this discipline and whose contributions will be, from now onwards, anxiously expected by all of us.

Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula will publish scientific works, reviews and short notes and comments on any field related to the problems of the Quaternary in these geographical regions, with a strong emphasis in the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic approach. Our aim is, though modestly, to contribute towards a better correlation of South American environmental events and endogenous episodes with their equivalents in other parts of the world.

This first volume of Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula has been prepared based on contributions presented at the South American Regional Meeting, INQUA Commission on Lithology and Genesis of Quaternary Deposits, held in Neuqun, Argentina, in March 1982.

Most of the papers delivered were in fact related with the main topic, Tills and related deposits, and they will be published as a separate volume (Evenson, Schlchter & Rabassa, 1983). But we also found that the interest for Quaternary problems was such that other papers only marginally related to glacial processes but vinculated with the continent Quaternary were also accepted. Of those contributions some have been selected for publication in this volume.

The responsability over this selection of papers and their preparation for publication is fully mine. The members of the Editorial Board, all of them internationally renowned scientists whose kind cooperation I would like to deeply acknowledge here, will actually begin to provide their collaboration with the forthcoming volume.

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