Cartledge - The Spartans: An Epic History

20001600

Middle Bronze Age

16001100

Late Bronze Age (or Mycenaean Age)

1200

Downfall of Bronze Age kingdom of Lacedaemon

1000

Dorians settle Sparta and Laconia

Town of Sparta expands to include Amyclae

Olympic Games founded (trad.)

Spartans invade Messenia: First Messenian War

Accession of Theopompus

Sparta founds Tarentum (Greek Taras, modern Taranto)

First temple of Orthia, Menelaion sanctuary laid out, accession of Polydorus

Accession of King Pheidon of Argos

Carneia founded (trad.)

Death of Theopompus

Messenian Helots revolt: Second Messenian War begins, floruit of Tyrtaeus

Battle of Hysiae (trad.)

Death of Polydorus

The reforms attributed to Lycurgus

Accession of King Croesus of Lydia

Chilon Ephor (trad.)

Sparta allies with Tegea, Gitiadas adorns Brazen House of Athena, throne of Apollo-Hyacinthus at Amyclae by Bathycles

Cyrus II the Great founds Persian Empire

Fall of Sardis and kingdom of Croesus to Persia

Battle of the Champions (in Thyreatis)

Sparta ousts Polycrates tyrant of Samos

Accession of Cleomenes I

Cleomenes in Boeotia

Accession of Demaratus, embassy of Maeandrius of Samos

Failed expedition of Anchimol(i)us to Athens

Cleomenes ousts Hippias, tyrant of Athens

Second intervention of Cleomenes in Athens

Reforms of Cleisthenes found Athenian democracy

Sparta and Peloponnesian League allies invade Attica

Embassy of Aristagoras of Miletus, beginning of Ionian Revolt

Battle of Sepeia, end of Ionian Revolt

Demaratus deposed, accession of Leotychidas II

Battle of Marathon

Death of Cleomenes, accession of Leonidas I

Battle of Thermopylae

Battle of Plataea

EARLY 470 S

Persian Stoa at Sparta

Sparta recalls Pausanias the Regent, withdraws from anti-Persian alliance, Athens founds anti-Persian Delian League

Exile of Leotychidas II

Deaths of Pausanias the regent and Leotychidas II, accession of Archidamus II

Great Earthquake at Sparta

464460?

Helot Revolt (Third Messenian War)

Pericles comes to prominence at Athens

Battle of Tanagra

Thirty Years Peace with Athenian alliance

Peloponnesian War begins

Death of Archidamus II, accession of Agis II

Surrender at Sphacteria

Peace of Nicias

Battle of (First) Mantinea

Occupation of Decelea

Alliance with Persia

Accession of Pausanias

Sparta wins Peloponnesian War

Raising of Ten Thousand force of Greek mercenaries to support Cyrus the Younger, the Persian pretender

Accession of Agesilaus II

Remnant of Ten Thousand absorbed into Spartas anti-Persian forces in Asia

Deposition and exile of Pausanias, accession of Agesipolis I, Corinthian War begins

Kings Peace/Peace of Antalcidas ends Corinthian War

Spartan occupation of Thebes

Death of Agesipolis I, accession of Cleombrotus I

379/8

Liberation of Thebes

Foundation of Second Athenian League, foundation of (second) Boiotian confederacy, creation of Theban Sacred Band

Battle of Leuctra, death of Cleombrotus I

370/69

Invasion of Laconia by Epaminondas, liberation of Messenian Helots, foundation of Messene

Foundation of Megalopolis

Defection of most of Peloponnesian League allies

Battle of (Second) Mantinea, death of Epaminondas

Death of Agesilaus II, accession of Archidamus III

Death of Archidamus III

Battle of Mice, death of Agis III

Death of Cleomenes II; accession of Areus I

Archidamus IV defeated at Mantinea by Demetrius Poliorcetes

Accession of Leonidas II

Accession of Agis IV; attempted social and economic reforms

Death of Agis IV

Accession of Cleomenes III

Cleomenes carries out political, social, economic and military reforms

Accession of Agiad Euclidas, brother of Cleomenes III, to Eurypontid throne ends traditional dual kingship

Battle of Sellasia; Sparta occupied for the first time ever, by Antigonus III Doson of Macedon

Death of Cleomenes III at Alexandria

Defeat at Mantinea, 4000 Spartans killed; Nabis assumes power

Imposition of settlement by Rome; Sparta deprived of remaining Laconian Perioeci

Death of Nabis; Sparta under Achaean League domination

Philopoemen again intervenes at Sparta

Romans defeat Achaean League and establish protectorate in Greece; destruction of Corinth

Cicero visits Sparta

Deaths of 2000 Spartans at battle of Philippi

Livia (future wife of Augustus) given asylum at Sparta

Sparta sides with Octavian (later Augustus) against Antony

Augustus becomes de facto first Roman Emperor

Augustus visits Sparta, hosted by local dynast C. Julius Eurycles