Fredrick M. Wigley - Raynaud’s Phenomenon: A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment
Here you can read online Fredrick M. Wigley - Raynaud’s Phenomenon: A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment full text of the book (entire story) in english for free. Download pdf and epub, get meaning, cover and reviews about this ebook. year: 2014, publisher: Springer, genre: Science. Description of the work, (preface) as well as reviews are available. Best literature library LitArk.com created for fans of good reading and offers a wide selection of genres:
Romance novel
Science fiction
Adventure
Detective
Science
History
Home and family
Prose
Art
Politics
Computer
Non-fiction
Religion
Business
Children
Humor
Choose a favorite category and find really read worthwhile books. Enjoy immersion in the world of imagination, feel the emotions of the characters or learn something new for yourself, make an fascinating discovery.
- Book:Raynaud’s Phenomenon: A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment
- Author:
- Publisher:Springer
- Genre:
- Year:2014
- Rating:5 / 5
- Favourites:Add to favourites
- Your mark:
Raynaud’s Phenomenon: A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment: summary, description and annotation
We offer to read an annotation, description, summary or preface (depends on what the author of the book "Raynaud’s Phenomenon: A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment" wrote himself). If you haven't found the necessary information about the book — write in the comments, we will try to find it.
Raynauds Phenomenon: A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment comprehensively reviews the understanding of a disorder that continues to challenge primary care clinicians and specialists alike. In the last decade, there have been important advances not only in understanding the pathophysiology of Raynauds Phenomenon (RP), but also in developing diagnostic methods and effective drug and non-drug therapies. Thoroughly discussing the various manifestations of RP, including childhood RP, RP secondary to connective tissue disease, and a variety of other associated disorders that include vascular perturbation that mimics RP, this title provides a wealth of new information available on normal and abnormal thermoregulation and helps physicians identify the best therapeutic approaches to treating RP. The work offers differential diagnosis options, reviews potential causes such as autoimmune disease, industrial trauma, drugs, and metabolic causes and provides clear recommendations for therapy. Engaging readers with case vignettes and a plethora of visual aids, Raynauds Phenomenon: A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment is a state-of-the-art, authoritative reference and invaluable contribution to the literature that will be of interest to physicians, patients, and individuals dealing with these disease processes.
Fredrick M. Wigley: author's other books
Who wrote Raynaud’s Phenomenon: A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment? Find out the surname, the name of the author of the book and a list of all author's works by series.
Fredrick M. Wigley
Sadatomo Tasaka (editor)
Cram David Lee
Christos C. Zouboulis
Dédée F. Murrell
L. Emmi (editor)
Yusuf Yazici
Pooya Khan Mohammad Beigi
Daniel J. Wallace
Reinhold Munker
Raynaud’s Phenomenon: A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment — read online for free the complete book (whole text) full work
Below is the text of the book, divided by pages. System saving the place of the last page read, allows you to conveniently read the book "Raynaud’s Phenomenon: A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment" online for free, without having to search again every time where you left off. Put a bookmark, and you can go to the page where you finished reading at any time.
Light
Font size:
↓
↑
Reset
Interval:
↓
↑
Bookmark:
Make
Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Fredrick M. Wigley , Ariane L. Herrick and Nicholas A. Flavahan (eds.) Raynauds Phenomenon 10.1007/978-1-4939-1526-2_11. Historical Perspective of Raynauds Phenomenon
Andrea Fava 1 and Francesco Boin 1
(1)
Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Avenue, Mason Lord Building, Center Tower, Suite 4100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
Francesco Boin
Email:
Abbreviations
RP
Raynauds phenomenon
AR
Alpha-adrenoreceptor
Key Points
Maurice Raynaud characterizes cold-induced color changes of the fingers due to vasospasm.
Clinical observations concluded Raynauds phenomenon were due to a local fault at the level of the digital vessels.
Raynauds phenomenon is common and exists as both uncomplicated primary RP and RP secondary to underlying disease.
Both non-drug and drug therapies have evolved into effective treatment.
Milestones
In the eighteenth and nineteenth century debate over the mechanism of gangrene, there was a group of cases that could not be explained by ossification of the arteries nor by direct obstacles in the vascular cavities. In 1862, the young Maurice Raynaud meticulously described in his medical school thesis 25 patients with spontaneous symmetric gangrene of the extremities. He noticed that some of them were reporting a history of dead fingers. This phenomenon was characterized by attacks triggered by cold or emotional stress in which the fingers became indolent and turned deadly white or, sometimes, yellow. In more pronounced cases, the pallor was replaced by a cyanotic color. These episodes could last from a few minutes to many hours and could be followed by a reaction associated with heat and redness, and sometimes pain (Fig. ]. 
Fig. 1.1
The cover page of Raynauds 1862 original medical thesis
Pathogenetic Mechanisms
Investigations into the pathogenesis of RP have been a long path lasting more than 150 years. Just two decades ago, Coffman wrote an editorial entitled The enigma of primary Raynauds Disease underlining the challenge of explaining digital vasospastic occlusion in the apparent absence of organic or structural causes []. His studies confirmed that although the sympathetic stimulation is a major player driving vasoconstriction via the secretion of adrenergic agonists, a local sensitivity of the arterioles is crucial to mediate the exaggerated vascular response to cold in RP. 
Fig. 1.2
The local fault theory experiment (1929). The finger of the patient was inserted in a brass capsule sealed with thin rubber sheeting. Cold water (10 C) was then circulated in the capsule while the rest of the hand (or the body) was submerged with hot water (30 to 40 C). The tip of the finger was then observed to turn white and then cyanotic []
Epidemiology
Raynauds disease had been initially reported as a rare disease. Sir William Osler described 19 cases out of 23,000 medical patients seen at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore Maryland during a period of 20 years [). 
Fig. 1.3
Google searching trends for Raynauds phenomenon. Multiple search queries in several languages have been continued by the Google Trends algorithm for the term Raynauds phenomenon (RP) as a disease. The figure shows the relative comparison of the worldwide search interest from Jan 2004 to Jan 2014 for RP ( red ) and for scleroderma ( blue ). A cyclical pattern peaking in the month of January is observed for RP. Trends data are normalized by total searches and are represented in relative units. Data source: Google Trends ( www.google.com/trends ) (color figure online)
Diagnosis
Historically, the diagnosis of RP has been eminently clinical, as suggested by Raynauds own words: the phenomenon of dead finger was too well known by everybody for it to be necessary for me to delay in discussing it []. 
Fig. 1.4
Temporal sequence of a symmetric attack of Raynauds phenomenon. The cyanosis of the fingers developed in this representative patient with probable primary RP at 10 am on 3 March 1929 and resolved a little before 12:30 p.m. (Lewis 1929) []
Several instrumental methods to diagnose and study RP have been developed over time, but only nailfold capillaroscopy has been consistently introduced in the clinical practice. Already in 1925 Brown and OLeary were using nailfold capillaroscopic analysis to show evidence of microvascular abnormalities in RP secondary to systemic sclerosis (Fig. ]. 
Fig. 1.5
Artistic representation of nailfold capillary pattern in response to cold in patients with Raynauds phenomenon (Brown and OLeary 1925) []
Treatment
Since the early nineteenth century, the main approach to cold sensitivity (or RP) has been non-pharmacological and based on recommendations such as the use of warm clothing, improvement of lifestyle, and avoidance of excessive emotional distress [].
In the nineteenth century, several compounds had been tested for their proven or purported vasodilative effects including amyl nitrite, nitroglycerin, quinine, ergot, and thyroid extract; analgesics such as opium, phenacetin, or cannabis indica; and uricosurics like salicylic acid, sodium phosphate, and piperazidin. Also electricity has been reported as a potential treatment (galvanism and faradism). Typically, the whole body or the hands of the patients were placed in a warm bath and then electricity was directly applied to the water to suppress nerve conduction with the intent of improving circulation []. The major challenge with this approach was that large amounts of whiskey, brandy, or other alcohol beverages had to be consumed (90150 ml) in order to effectively relieve vasoconstriction, carrying considerable risk for intoxication. In fact, no other formal studies have been subsequently conducted using this approach.
Starting in 1862, RP therapy focused mainly on counteracting the sympathetic vasomotor regulation. Maurice Raynaud described beneficial treatments based on the application of ascending electrical current to the spinal cord of his patients with the purpose of achieving a noninvasive sympathetic block []. He hypothesized that the pressure of the tourniquet could disrupt the sympathetic conduction along the artery, therefore interrupting partially the vasoconstrictive tone.
In 1889, cervical sympathectomy was introduced as a treatment for epilepsy. Such approach was unsuccessful and eventually abandoned. However, several patients reported hyperemia of the arms as a side effect of the surgery. These findings brought Adson to perform the first lumbar sympathectomy for RP in a teenage patient with a history of ulcers and painful vasospastic attacks to the feet. The second, third, and fourth lumbar ganglions were resected and the outer sheath of the common iliac arteries was stripped for a distance of about 5 cm. Following the operation, the feet turned warm and pink, with an increase of skin temperature [].
Light
Font size:
↓
↑
Reset
Interval:
↓
↑
Bookmark:
Make
Similar books «Raynaud’s Phenomenon: A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment»
Look at similar books to Raynaud’s Phenomenon: A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment. We have selected literature similar in name and meaning in the hope of providing readers with more options to find new, interesting, not yet read works.
Sadatomo Tasaka (editor)
Cram David Lee
Christos C. Zouboulis
Dédée F. Murrell
L. Emmi (editor)
Yusuf Yazici
Pooya Khan Mohammad Beigi
Daniel J. Wallace
Reinhold Munker
Reviews about «Raynaud’s Phenomenon: A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment»
Discussion, reviews of the book Raynaud’s Phenomenon: A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment and just readers' own opinions. Leave your comments, write what you think about the work, its meaning or the main characters. Specify what exactly you liked and what you didn't like, and why you think so.