Psychology For Dummies, 2nd Edition
Published by
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
111 River Street,
Hoboken NJ 07030-5774
www.wiley.com
Copyright 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
Published simultaneously in Canada
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions .
Trademarks: Wiley, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting a specific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom.
For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002. For technical support, please visit www.wiley.com/techsupport .
Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com . For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com .
Library of Congress Control Number: 2013936850
ISBN 978-1-118-60359-8 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-118-61132-6 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-61139-5 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-61142-5 (ebk)
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Introduction
S o youve bought Psychology For Dummies. How does that make you feel? Hopefully, youre feeling pretty good. And why shouldnt you be? Youre going to discover all kinds of interesting information about the basics of human behavior and mental processes.
Everybody is interested in psychology. People are fascinating, and that includes you! Humans often defy explanation and evade prediction. Figuring people out can be pretty hard. Just when you think that youve figured someone out, bang, he surprises you. Now I know that some of you may be thinking, Actually, Im a pretty good judge of people. Ive got a handle on things. If thats the case, thats great! Some folks do seem to have a more intuitive understanding of people than others. For the rest of us though, theres psychology.
About This Book
Psychology For Dummies is an introduction to the field of psychology. I tried to write this book using plain English and everyday examples with the hope that it will be real and applicable to everyday life. Ive always felt that tackling a new subject is more enjoyable when it has real-world importance. Psychology is full of jargon, so much jargon that it even has its own dictionary, aptly named The Dictionary of Psychology (Penguin Reference Books). This book is for those of you who are interested in what people do, think, say, and feel, but want the information presented in a clear and easily understandable manner.
The information in this reference is not intended to substitute for expert psychological, healthcare, or medical advice or treatment; it is designed to help you make informed choices. Because each individual is unique, a psychologist, healthcare practitioner, or physician must diagnose conditions and supervise treatments for each individual health problem. If an individual is under a psychologists or physicians care and receives advice contrary to information provided in this reference, the psychologists or physicians advice should be followed, as it is based on the unique characteristics of that individual.
Conventional language for psychologists can sound like gibberish to someone who has never had a psychology class. As I state earlier in this chapter, I try to stay away from jargon and technical language in this book. You may come across an attempt at a joke or two. I tend to take a lighter approach to life, but sometimes people dont get my sense of humor. If I try to crack a joke in the text and it bombs, please dont be too harsh. Im a psychologist after all, and I dont think were known for our sense of humor. I hope I dont come across as insensitive or cavalier either that is certainly not my intention.
Sometimes, talking about psychology can be pretty dry, so I try to liven things up with examples and personal stories. I make no references to any patients Ive ever had in therapy. If there appears to be a resemblance, its purely coincidental. In fact, I took great care in preserving the privacy and confidentiality of the people I have worked with.
Foolish Assumptions
You can find a lot of psychology books out there. Most of them are either too technical and specialized or cover too narrow an area of psychology. Here are some of the reasons why I think Psychology For Dummies is the book for you:
Youve got a lot of questions about people.
Youve got a lot of questions about yourself.
Youre thinking about going into the field of psychology.
Youre currently studying psychology or a related discipline, such as social work or counseling.
Youre interested in psychology but dont have the time or the money to take a psychology course.