Iqbal Husain - Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Design Fundamentals

Cover

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ELECTRIC and HYBRID VEHICLES

Design Fundamentals

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Design Fundamentals

Iqbal Husain

CRC PRESS

Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.

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This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Husain, Iqbal, 1964
Electric and hybrid vehicles: design fundamentals/by Iqbal Husain.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8493-1466-6 (alk. paper)
1. Electric vehicles. 2. Hybrid electric vehicles. I. Title.
TL220 .H87 2003
629.2293dc21 2002041120
CIP

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ISBN 0-203-00939-8 Master e-book ISBN

International Standard Book Number 0-8493-1466-6 (Print Edition)

Library of Congress Card Number 2002041120

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The book presents a comprehensive systems-level perspective of electric and hybrid electric vehicles, with emphasis on technical details, mathematical relationships, and basic design guidelines. The electric vehicle is an excellent example of an electro-mechanical and electrochemical system that is technically challenging as well as highly intriguing to engineering students. With a good balance between technical details, design equations, numerical examples, and case studies, the subject matter presents an ideal platform for educating todays engineers with a systems-level perspectivea concept that served as the primary motivation to develop this textbook on electric and hybrid vehicles.

Automobiles are an integral part of our everyday lives. Yet, conventional auto-mobiles are the major cause of urban pollution in the 21st century. The world will eventually encounter an acute energy crisis if we do not focus on alternative energy sources and transportation modes. Current environmental concerns are driving the international community toward developing low-emission (hybrid electric) and zero-emission (electric) vehicles to replace conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. The subject of electric and hybrid vehicles is becoming increasingly important, with intense drive from the government, environmental activists, and associated industries to advance the technology. Several auto industries have already started marketing electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Furthermore, the next generation of conventional automobiles will experience a gradual replacement of the hydraulically driven actuators by electrically driven actuators. The trend clearly suggests that there is a need to adequately educate the engineers of today and tomorrow with the technical details of electric and hybrid vehicles and the electrical units used within an automobile. While there are ample books on electric and hybrid vehicles available, providing narrative descriptions of the components of vehicles, and numerous technical papers published with research results, none covers the technical aspects and mathematical relationships in a comprehensive way to educate a junior-or senior-level or a beginning graduate-level engineering student.

This book will serve to educate students on aspects of electric vehicles, which will generate interest to support the development and use of electric vehicles. The book will also serve as a reference for a working engineer dealing with design and improvement of electric and hybrid vehicles. Discussion on most topics has been limited to fundamentals only in the book, considering the wide spectrum of technical aspects related to an electric and hybrid vehicle system. Appropriate references are given to direct the readers toward details on topics for further reading. The intent of the book is not to present the wide spectrum of the state of the art in electric and hybrid electric vehicles, but rather to prepare the student with the necessary background to evaluate the technology.

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The book, starting with a historical background on electric vehicles, will describe the system components, the laws of physics that govern vehicle motion, the mathematical relationships within a component and between components, the energy sources, and the design of components to meet the specifications for the complete vehicle system. After the introduction of the systems concept in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 focuses on the laws of physics to define the force characteristics of ground vehicles. The design guidelines for the power and energy requirements based on design specifications are established in this chapter.

The flow of the book shifts from mechanical to chemical concepts, when energy sources are introduced in Chapter 3, and the topic is continued in Chapter 4, with alternatives to battery power. The two major contenders for energy sources in road vehicles are batteries and fuel cells, which are described in detail, while other types of energy sources are mentioned briefly.