Barry Pickthall - Red Baron (Images of War)
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Beginning his wartime career on the Western Front in August 1916, Manfred von Richthofen, or the Red Baron as he became known, had shot down an impressive total of fifteen aircraft by January 1917, as well as being appointed commander of his own unit. By the time of his death in 1918, he had destroyed a staggering total of eighty allied aircraft. From the perspective of the allies, he was a deadly menace. For the Germans, he was a fighter pilot hero of legendary significance. This fascinating collection of rare images offers a fresh perspective on the Baron himself, as well as a number of his adversaries from the Allied side of the line. Found by chance at a car boot sale by the author, an esteemed journalist and keen amateur aviator, this collection has sat, mostly unused, for almost a century. Until now. This intriguing addition to the Images of War series is set to ignite new discussions about this most legendary of fighter aces as we approach the centenary of his death, and the ending of the First World War, in 2018.
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Dedication
This book is dedicated to my good friend Clive Ponsford, who introduced me to flying string bag biplanes during our college days, and has kept whetting my appetite later in life with frequent sorties in his beautifully restored Tiger Moth.
First published in Great Britain in 2016 by
PEN & SWORD MILITARY
an imprint of
Pen & Sword Books Ltd,
47 Church Street, Barnsley,
South Yorkshire.
S70 2AS
Copyright Barry Pickthall 2016
ISBN 978-1-47383-358-6
The right of Barry Pickthall to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing.
Typeset by Mac Style Ltd, Bridlington, East Yorkshire
Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI
Pen & Sword Books Ltd incorporates the imprints of Pen & Sword Aviation, Pen & Sword Family History, Pen & Sword Maritime, Pen & Sword Military, Pen & Sword Discovery, Wharncliffe Local History, Wharncliffe True Crime, Wharncliffe Transport, Pen and Sword Select, Pen and Sword Military Classics
For a complete list of Pen & Sword titles please contact:
PEN & SWORD BOOKS LIMITED
47 Church Street, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, S70 2AS, England.
E-mail: enquiries@pen-and-sword.co.uk
Website: www.pen-and-sword.co.uk
Contents
Introduction
This story began, not above the bloody trenches of the Somme during World War I, but a century later with the discovery of a lost archive of black and white negatives bought as a job lot from a car boot sale in Sussex. As the owner of a picture library, I am always on the lookout for historic images to swell our PPL Pictures of Yesteryear archive. What first caught my eye were some old black and white prints of Sussex scenes stacked in a shoebox. Hidden beneath was an envelope stuffed full of negatives and badly degraded contact prints. I bought the lot for 20 and it was not until some months later when we began to look at the collection of old planes under a magnifying glass, that we realised the magnitude of this find.
The first clue was the German markings; the second was of a dashing young man who appeared in the majority of the pictures. It did not take long to recognise him as the First World War German fighter ace Baron Manfred von Richthofen.
The next question: How did this remarkable collection finish up in a car boot sale? We may never know the definitive answer to that, but almost certainly, the archive of negatives, which include rare pictures of British, French and German planes, together with images of other air aces from both sides, had come from a house clearance where the pictures had been stored away for many years. Clearly, someone with a keen interest in The Red Baron had pulled this collection together for it also includes images of the Germans greatest rivals including Major Lanoe George Hawker VC, DSO, American Captain Edward Vernon Rickenbacker and Frenchman Georges Marie Ludovic Jules Guynemer. Subsequent research shows that while some of the images had not been published before, others have. One historian has suggested that during and after the War, official photographers made copy negatives of some prints for distribution to those involved in the pictures and it is these negatives that make up this collection.
2nd Lieutenant Lionel Morris, Baron Von Richthofens first victim in aerial combat. Lionel was 19 when killed, and was one of two Whitgift School old boys to feature in the Red Barons life story.
Major General George W Barber, the Australian doctor who performed an autopsy on Baron Von Richthofens body and found that he had been killed by a single .303 bullet fired from the ground, most probably shot by Australian forces, and not by Canadian pilot Captain Arthur Roy Brown who is still commonly credited with shooting down the Red Baron. George Barber was the second Whitgift School old boy to become associated with Manfred Von Richthofens life.
Our own efforts to identify each image led us down many paths, but the most remarkable one was to discover a less familiar autobiography published in 1918 after Richthofens death and cessation of hostilities. This work provides a valuable insight into what motivated this pilot to become the Top Gun of his era.
Perhaps our anonymous collector of Red Baron pictures was also planning to publish? If so, then this book combines two forgotten dreams.
There is one more coincidental twist to this story about the rise and fall of Manfred von Richthofen the part played by two old boys from Whitgift School, Croydon. Second Lieutenant Lionel Bertram Frank Morris had left the school in 1915 to become an articled clerk with a firm of solicitors working in the heart of Londons legal district. He got his pilots certificate early in 1916 and became the Red Barons first victim. Morris was just 19.
Lieutenant Colonel George Walter Barber was much older and survived the War. He too was a Whitgift old boy who became a doctor and emigrated to Western Australia in 1895. He served in the Somme and performed the autopsy on von Richthofens body that determined that the German flying ace had been killed by a single .303 rifle bullet fired from the ground, rather than the still popular myth that he had been shot down by Canadian Captain Arthur Roy Brown.
Historical note
Prior to October 1916 Germanys air force (excluding German naval aviation) was called the Fliegertruppen des Deutschen Kaiserreiches (Imperial German Flying Corps). Thereafter it became the Deutsche Luftstreitkrafte (German Air Force). Whichever force was extent, both were part of Germanys army.
German force and unit names do not always translate readily into an equivalent English language name or formation. Consequently, to most Britons (then and since), Germanys air forces throughout World War I were commonly, and erroneously, referred to as the Imperial German Air Service.
Barry Pickthall
February 2016
February 2016
Acknowledgements
Special credit must be given to the von Richthofen Archive/PPL (www.pplmedia.com) and also to Martin Derry, the editor of this project, who provided additional images and guided the project towards completion.
Chapter One
Formative Years
As his title suggests, Baron Manfred von Richthofen was born to privilege. His ancestors had vast estates in the Breslau and Striegau regions of Germany, and the few who did not inherit their wealth, entered government service.
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