Vividly written and profoundly researched, Gloria Browne-Marshall has gifted us with the lives of bold brilliant women of African descent who fought for freedom, equality, and dignity. This timely and riveting book is urgently needed, now!
Blanche Wiesen Cook, author, Eleanor Roosevelt, Vols I, II, III
Gloria Browne-Marshall has written a powerful primer for everyone in America who needs to know that Black women have never needed to be saved.
Khalil Gibran Muhammad, author, The Condemnation of Blackness;
Professor of History, Race and Public Policy, Harvard Kennedy SchoolBrowne-Marshall lifts the voices of these Black women so that the world may see the depths to which they have succumbed and the ground they have covered in their quest to liberate and advocate for social justice.
Brenda M. Greene, Professor of English and Founder/Executive Director of the Center for Black Literature at Medgar Evers College (CUNY)Scholar-activist Gloria Browne-Marshall has done it again. She Took Justice is a tour de force. These Black women, despite the racial and gender vagaries of their time, pursued justice at all cost, including the endangerment of their own lives.
Shaun L. Gabbidon, Distinguished Professor of Criminal Justice, Penn State University-HarrisburgShe Took Justice gives the world a new story told beautifully. It is a miraculous ride. This book provides substantial evidence that The Black Womans power existed well beyond the confines of law or the traditional telling of American history.
Pamela Meanes, Past President of the National Bar Association and law partner at Thompson Coburn, LLCShe Took Justice
She Took Justice: The Black Woman, Law, and Power 1619 to 1969 proves that The Black Woman liberated herself. Readers go on a journey from the invasion of Africa into the Colonial period and the Civil Rights Movement. From Queen Nzingha to Shirley Chisholm, The Black Woman reveals power.
In She Took Justice, we see centuries of courage in the face of racial prejudice and gender oppression. We gain insight into American history through The Black Womans fight against race laws, especially criminal injustice. She became an organizer, leader, activist, lawyer, and judge a fighter in her own advancement.
These engaging true stories show that, for most of American history, the law was an enemy to The Black Woman. Using perseverance, tenacity, intelligence, and faith, she turned the law into a weapon to combat discrimination, a prestigious occupation, and a platform from which she could lift others as she rose. This is a book for every reader.
Gloria J. Browne-Marshall is a writer, civil rights attorney, playwright, and Professor of Constitutional Law at John Jay College (CUNY). Gloria taught in the Africana Studies Program at Vassar College. Prior to academia, she litigated cases for the Southern Poverty Law Center, Community Legal Services, and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, Inc. She is the author of Race, Law, and American Society: 1607 to Present, The Voting Rights War, and The Constitution: Major Cases and Conflicts. Gloria is the recipient of a Pulitzer Center grant and Frederick Lewis Allen Fellowship.
The author in Front of the Queen Nzingha Statue that Stands at the Entrance of Museu Nacional de Historia Militar in Luanda, Angola.
Source: Photograph from the Authors Collection
Criminology and Justice Studies
Series Editor: Shaun L. Gabbidon, Penn State Harrisburg
Criminology and Justice Studies publishes books for undergraduate and graduate courses that model the best scholarship and innovative thinking in the criminology and criminal justice field today, but in a style that connects this scholarship to a wide audience of students, researchers, and possibly the general public.
Voices from Criminal Justice
Insider Perspectives, Outsider Experiences, 2nd Edition
Edited by Heith Copes and Mark Pogrebin
Human Trafficking
Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 2nd Edition
Edited by Mary C. Burke
Criminological Perspectives on Race and Crime, 4th Edition
Shaun L. Gabbidon
Shopping While Black
Consumer Racial Profiling in America
Shaun L. Gabbidon and George E. Higgins
Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice
An International Dilemma
Akwasi Owusu-Bempah & Shaun L. Gabbidon
She Took Justice
The Black Woman, Law, and Power 1619 to 1969
Gloria J. Browne-Marshall
For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge.com/Criminology-and-Justice-Studies/bookseries/CRIMJUSTSTUDIES
First published 2021
by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
and by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
2021 Gloria J. Browne-Marshall
The right of Gloria J. Browne-Marshall to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Browne-Marshall, Gloria J., author.
Title: She took justice : the black woman, law, and power 1619 to 1969 / Gloria J. Browne-Marshall.
Other titles: Black woman, law, and power 1619 to 1969
Description: New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. |
Series: Criminology and justice studies | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020031148 (print) | LCCN 2020031149 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367483166 (hbk) | ISBN 9780367482190 (pbk) | ISBN 9781003039273 (ebk)
Subjects: LCSH: African American womenLegal status, laws, etc.History. | African American womenCivil rightsHistory. | African AmericansLegal status, laws, etc.History. | African AmericansCivil rightsHistory. | United StatesRace relationsHistory.
Classification: LCC E185.86 .B75 2021 (print) | LCC E185.86 (ebook) | DDC 305.48/896073dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020031148
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020031149
ISBN: 978-0-367-48316-6 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-48219-0 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-03927-3 (ebk)
Typeset in Bembo
by codeMantra
If women want rights more than they got,
why dont they just take them,
and not be talking about it.
Sojourner Truth
I would like to extend my deepest appreciation to everyone who assisted with this project. Research covering the many eras, deeds, laws, and people requires the assistance of talented individuals who provide whatever may be needed. If any name or organization is forgotten, it is an act of human error, not commission.