Swati Goyal - Essentials of Abdomino-Pelvic Sonography: A Handbook for Practitioners

Essentials of Abdomino-Pelvic Sonography Essentials of Abdomino-Pelvic Sonography A Handbook for Practitioners Dr. Swati Goyal CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-1385-0182-9 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.

Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Goyal, Swati, author. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Goyal, Swati, author.

Title: Essentials of abdomino-pelvic sonography : a handbook for practitioners / Dr. Swati Goyal. Description: Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017034325| ISBN 9781138501829 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781351261203 (ebook : alk. paper) Subjects: | MESH: Digestive System Diseases--diagnostic imaging | Abdomen--diagnostic imaging | Pelvis--diagnostic imaging | Ultrasonography | Ultrasonography, Prenatal Classification: LCC RC78.7.U4 | NLM WI 141 | DDC 617.5/50754--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017034325 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site athttp://www.taylorandfrancis.comand the CRC Press Web site athttp://www.crcpress.com Dedication Dedicated to my adorable kids, Prisha and Rushank, who invigorated me in spite of all the time the task of book writing took me away from them.

Contents

USG	ultrasonography
MHz	megahertz
KHz	kilohertz
PE	piezoelectric effect
IVC	inferior vena cava
GB	gallbladder
HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma
CT	computed tomography
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging
CBD	common bile duct
IHBR	intrahepatic biliary radicle
RUQ	right upper quadrant
M:F	male: female
PUJ	pelvi-ureteric junction
TCC	transitional cell carcinoma
RCC	renal cell carcinoma
UTI	urinary tract infection
HRT	hormone replacement therapy
PID	pelvic inflammatory disease
OCP	oral contraceptive pills
AFP	alpha-fetoprotein
TAS	transabdominal sonography
TVS	transvaginal sonography
LUS	lower uterine segment
FSH	follicle stimulating hormone
LH	luteinizing hormone
GS	gestational sac
MSD	mean sac diameter
YS	yolk sac
GA	gestational age
CRL	crown rump length
FHR	fetal heart rate
IVF	in vitro fertilization
BPD	biparietal diameter
HC	head circumference
AC	abdominal circumference
FL	femur length
EFW	effective fetal weight
RA	right atrium
RV	right ventricle
LA	left atrium
LV	left ventricle
AFI	amniotic fluid index
AFV	amniotic fluid volume
IUGR	intrauterine growth retardation
CVS	cardiovascular system
GIT	gastro intestinal system
CNS	central nervous system
CDUS	color Doppler sonography
PI	pulsatility index
EDV	end diastolic volume
PSV	peak systolic velocity
RI	resistive index
MCA	middle cerebral artery
ECA	external carotid artery
ICA	internal carotid artery
CCA	common carotid artery
PV	portal vein
HV	hepatic vein
SMV	superior mesenteric vein
SV	splenic vein
H/o	history of
A/w	associated with
D/D	differential diagnosis
C.f.	compare from
S/o	suggestive of
hCG	human chorionic gonadotropin
Pap smear	papanikolaou smear
U/L	unilateral
B/L	bilateral
EDTA	ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid
ERCP	endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography
MRCP	magnetic resonance cholangio pancreatography
CECT	contrast enhanced computed tomography
CRF	chronic renal failure
UPJ	uretero-pelvic junction
D&C	dilatation & curettage
TOA	tubo-ovarian abscess
HPV	Human Papilloma Virus
DES	Diethylstilbestrol
BPH	benign prostatic hyperplasia
IUP	intrauterine pregnancy
LVOT	left ventricular outflow tract
RVOT	right ventricular outflow tract
DWV	dandy walker variant
UVJ	uretero-vesical junction
SVC	superior Venacava
ACE	angiotensin converting enzyme
pGTN	persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia