Sonography
Principles and Instruments
Ninth Edition
Frederick W. Kremkau, PhD
Professor of Radiologic Sciences, Director, Program for Medical Ultrasound, Center for Applied Learning, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Table of Contents
Copyright
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
SONOGRAPHY: PRINCIPLES AND INSTRUMENTS, Ninth Edition ISBN: 978-0-323-32271-3
Copyright 2016 by Elsevier Inc . All rights reserved.
Previous editions copyrighted 2011, 2006, 2002, 1998, 1993, 1989, 1984, and 1980.
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Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kremkau, Frederick W., author.
Sonography : principles and instruments / Frederick W. Kremkau ; with contributions by Flemming Forsberg. -- Ninth edition.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-323-32271-3 (hardcover : alk. paper)
I. Forsberg, Flemming, author. II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Ultrasonography--methods. 2. Ultrasonography--instrumentation. WN 208]
RC78.7.U4
616.07543--dc23
2015024189
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Dedication
To the next generation of professionalsMyra, Donna, Shelley, Cara, and Olivia.
Reviewers
Debra Krukowski, BS, RT(R), RDMS , Program Coordinator/Faculty, Triton College, River Grove, Illinois
Cherie Pohlmann, MS, RT(R), RDMS , Senior Instructor, Department of Radiologic Science, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
David Sloan, BA, RDMS, RVT , Program Director, Diagnostic Medical Sonography Degree Program, School of Health and Patient Simulation, Springfield Technical Community College, Springfield, Massachusetts
Preface
This book is intended for sonography students, allied-health personnel, and physicians who seek understanding of the principles and instrumentation of diagnostic sonography. Applying these underlying principles in practice improves the quality of medical care involving sonography. The best sonographers and image interpreters understand these principles and apply them in their practice.
The purpose of this book is to explain how contemporary diagnostic sonography works. It serves as a principles textbook in sonography educational programs and helps readers handle artifacts properly, scan safely, and prepare for registry and board examinations. The content of the book is driven by the authors assessment of contemporary technology in the field and his experience in teaching this material in the medical-school classroom and at conferences and seminars. The book does not describe how to perform diagnostic examinations or how to interpret the results. Other Elsevier books cover these topics.
Although this latest edition includes newer developments in the field, the emphasis is on the fundamentals. For the sake of beginners, the text is simplified, yet at the same time it maintains its integrity and usefulness for more experienced users. Although the book is designed for non -physicist and non -engineering readers, digestion of the material will require some effort. Admittedly, for such readers, the material can be difficult. It cannot be made easy for everyone and still maintain the necessary level for appropriate application in practice. However, 40 years of lecturing and publication experience have convinced the author that the material can be understood with reasonable preparation and effort on the part of the student. It is assumed that the student has completed courses in basic physics (including mechanics, waves, and electricity) and mathematics (including algebra, trigonometry, and statistics), which are normal prerequisites in sonography programs. The following topics are not covered in this textbook: the history of the development of sonography, therapy applications, and investigational techniques. They are covered in other books and journal articles.
Differences with Earlier Editions and National Examinations
There are several differences between each new edition compared with earlier editions and compared with the content of registry and specialty-board examinations. This is because this text is up to date with current technology, whereas examinations change more slowly because of the necessarily thorough and time-consuming process, which requires practice surveys; committee decisions; and item generation, review, and approval. Outmoded descriptions of technology and instrument features that are no longer largely present in the field are eliminated with each new edition. Thus the book tends to change more rapidly than the examinations. The philosophy of the book is to be, with each new edition, as consistent as possible with contemporary sonographic technology and usage.
