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Eric A. Meyer - CSS Text

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Eric A. Meyer CSS Text
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CSS Text: summary, description and annotation

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As a web designer, you probably spend more time working with text than any other element. With this concise guide, youll learn CSS3 properties for changing the appearance of text without altering the font faceincluding horizontal and vertical alignment, text transformation, word and letter spacing, text wrapping, and the direction of text flow.

This book is an excerpt from the upcoming fourth edition of CSS: The Definitive Guide. When you purchase either the print or the ebook edition of CSS Text, youll receive a discount on the entire Definitive Guide once its released. Why wait, when you can start manipulating text on your pages right away?

  • Use properties for indenting and aligning lines of text
  • Control the leading between lines of text beyond the fonts size
  • Change the amount of space between words and individual characters
  • Add underlines, overlines, strike-throughs, shadows, and other effects
  • Instruct browsers to prioritize speed, legibility, or geometric precision when rendering text
  • Learn how and when to suppress automatic hyphenation
  • Determine the direction that text flows, including left-to-right and top-to-bottom

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CSS Text
Eric A. Meyer
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Preface
Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, and file extensions.

Constant width

Used for program listings, as well as within paragraphs to refer to program elements such as variable or function names, databases, data types, environment variables, statements, and keywords.

Constant width bold

Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user.

Constant width italic

Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values or by values determined by context.

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Chapter 1. Text Properties

Sure, a lot of web design involves picking the right colors and getting the coolest look for your pages, but when it comes right down to it, you probably spend more of your time worrying about where text will go and how it will look. Such concerns gave rise to HTML tags such as and

, which allow you some measure of control over the appearance and placement of text.

Because text is so important, there are many CSS properties that affect it in one way or another. What is the difference between text and fonts? Simply, text is the content, and fonts are used to display that content. Using text properties, you can affect the position of text in relation to the rest of the line, superscript it, underline it, and change the capitalization. You can even simulate, to a limited degree, the use of a typewriters Tab key.

Indentation and Horizontal Alignment

Lets start with a discussion of how you can affect the horizontal positioning of text within a line. Think of these basic actions as the same types of steps you might take to create a newsletter or write a report.

Indenting Text

Indenting the first line of a paragraph on a web page is one of the most sought-after text-formatting effects. (Eliminating the blank line between paragraphs is a close second.) Some sites used to create the illusion of indented text by placing a small transparent image before the first letter in a paragraph, which shoves the text over. Thanks to CSS, there s a much better way to indent text, called text-indent.

text-indent
Values:

<length> | <percentage> | inherit

Initial value:

0

Applies to:

Block-level elements

Inherited:

Yes

Percentages:

Refer to the width of the containing block

Computed value:

For percentage values, as specified; for length values, the absolute length

Using text-indent, the first line of any element can be indented by a given lengtheven if that length is negative. The most common use for this property is, of course, to indent the first line of a paragraph:

p{text-indent:3em;}

This rule will cause the first line of any paragraph to be indented three ems, as shown in .

Figure 1-1 Text indenting In general you can apply text-indent to any - photo 2
Figure 1-1. Text indenting

In general, you can apply text-indent to any block-level element. You cant apply it to inline elements or on replaced elements such as images. However, if you have an image within the first line of a block-level element, like a paragraph, it will be shifted over with the rest of the text in the line.

Note

If you want to indent the first line of an inline element, you can create the effect with left padding or margin.

You can also set negative values for text-indent, a technique that leads to a number of interesting effects. The most common use is a hanging indent, where the first line hangs out to the left of the rest of the element:

p{text-indent:4em;}

Be careful when setting a negative value for text-indent; the first three words (This is a) may be chopped off by the left edge of the browser window. To avoid display problems, I recommend you use a margin or some padding to accommodate the negative indentation:

p{text-indent
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