Meyer Eric A. - Positioning in CSS: Layout Enhancements for the Web
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The Grid Layout spec will soon change your approach to website design, but there will still be plenty of uses for CSS positioning tricks. Whether you want to create sidebars that remain in the viewport (browser window), add sticky section headings to lists or long articles, or overlap one element with another, this concise ebook will expertly guide you through all the main CSS positioning types.Short and deep, this book is an excerpt from the upcoming fourth edition of CSS: The Definitive Guide. When you purchase either the print or the ebook edition of Positioning in CSS, youll receive a discount on the entire Definitive Guide once its released. Why wait? Make your web pages come alive today.Youll learn how to:
Remove an element from a document but keep its new position part of the documents flow with absolute positioning;
Keep an element like a masthead or sidebar in one fixed position in the viewport with fixed positioning;
Preserve an elements shape and the space it occupied in the document with relative positioning;
Make a documents headers selectively stay still in response to scrolling conditions with sticky positioning;Eric A. Meyer is an author, speaker, blogger, sometime teacher, and co-founder of An Event Apart. Hes a two-decade veteran of the Web and web standards, a past member of the W3Cs Cascading Style Sheets Working Group, and the author of OReillys CSS: The Definitive Guide.
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by Eric A. Meyer
Copyright 2016 Eric A. Meyer. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published by OReilly Media, Inc. , 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
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- April 2016: First Edition
- 2016-04-11: First Release
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The idea behind positioning is fairly simple. It allows you to defineexactly where element boxes will appear relative to where they wouldordinarily beor position them in relation to a parent element, anotherelement, or even to the viewport (e.g., the browser window) itself.
Before we delve into the various kinds of positioning, its a good ideato look at what types exist and how they differ. Well also need todefine some basic ideas that are fundamental to understanding howpositioning works.
You can choose one of five different types of positioning, which affecthow the elements box is generated, by using the position property.
Values: |
|
Initial value: |
|
Applies to: | All elements |
Inherited: | No |
Computed value: | As specified |
The values of position have the following meanings:
staticThe elements box is generated as normal. Block-level elements generatea rectangular box that is part of the documents flow, and inline-levelboxes cause the creation of one or more line boxes that are flowedwithin their parent element.
relativeThe elements box is offset by some distance. The element retains theshape it would have had were it not positioned, and the space that theelement would ordinarily have occupied is preserved.
absoluteThe elements box is completely removed from the flow of the documentand positioned with respect to its containing block, which may beanother element in the document or the initial containing block(described in the next section). Whatever space the element might haveoccupied in the normal document flow is closed up, as though the elementdid not exist. The positioned element generates a block-level box,regardless of the type of box it would have generated if it were in thenormal flow.
fixedThe elements box behaves as though it was set to absolute, but itscontaining block is the viewport itself.
stickyThe element is left in the normal flow until the conditions that triggerits stickiness come to pass, at which point it is removed from thenormal flow but its original space in the normal flow is preserved. Itwill then act as if absolutely positioned with respect to its containingblock. Once the conditions to enforce stickiness are no longer met, theelement is returned to the normal flow in its original space.
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