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Juan Gómez-Quiñones - Chicano politics: reality and promise, 1940-1990

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This political history of Mexican Americans analyzes and interprets the last fifty years in the movimiento. Written by a leading Chicano historian who spent many years as an activist, this study evolved from Juan G?mez-Quinoness participation and reflection. Examined are the leaders and organizations that waged struggles for political rights as well as the evolution of their goals and strategies. Beginning in the 1940s, Mexican Americans viewed the advocacy process in party politics, coupled with the selected use of the courts, as effective means to redress problems. But by the mid-1930s, the persistence of discrimination, inequality, and poverty led many to question the so-called gains make through piecemeal reform. A new style of politics, based on wide mobilization and an insistence upon democratic rights, coalesced into an ethnic populism known as the Chicano movement.Today, the Mexican American community in the United States remains committed to securing a more socially just life, But its political expression is often confused because, in the jumble of competing voices and self-serving conservatism, the true majority of the Mexican American communitythe workersare often overlooked and unheeded.

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title Chicano Politics Reality and Promise 1940-1990 Calvin P Horn - photo 1

title:Chicano Politics : Reality and Promise, 1940-1990 Calvin P. Horn Lectures in Western History and Culture
author:Gmez-Quiones, Juan.
publisher:University of New Mexico
isbn10 | asin:0826312136
print isbn13:9780826312136
ebook isbn13:9780585187389
language:English
subjectMexican Americans--Politics and government, United States--Politics and government--1945-1989, United States--Politics and government--1989-1993.
publication date:1990
lcc:E184.M5G634 1990eb
ddc:973/.046872073
subject:Mexican Americans--Politics and government, United States--Politics and government--1945-1989, United States--Politics and government--1989-1993.
Page iii
Chicano Politics
Reality and Promise, 1940 - 1990
Juan Gmez-Quiones
The Calvin P. Horn Lectures in Western History and Culture
UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO PRESS, Albuquerque
Page iv
In memoriam
Professor Federico A. Cervantes
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gmez-Quiones, Juan.
Chicano Politics: reality and promise, 1940-1990. /
Juan Gmez-Quioneslst ed.
p. cm.(The Calvin P. Horn lectures
in western history and culture)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-8263-1204-7.ISBN 0-8263-1213-6 (pbk.)
1. Mexican AmericansPolitics and government.
2. United StatesPolitics and government1945
I. Title.
II. Series.
E184.M5G634 1990
973'.046872073dc20
90-31486
CIP
1990 by the University of New Mexico Press.
All rights reserved.
Second paperbound printing, 1992
Page v
Contents
1
Mexican American Politics
1
2
The Promise and the Reality from 1941 to the 1960s
31
3
Liberalism: The Chicano Movement and Its Organizations from the 1960s to the 1970s
101
4
Conservatism: New Players and Strategies from the 1970s to the 1980s
155
5
Current Perspectives: Empowerment
189
6
Conclusion: Resolution of the Moment
207
Notes
215
Index
255

Page 1
1
Mexican American Politics
Purposes
The transfer of political experience from one generation to another is important to the success of the politythus, this book. This volume seeks to place in historical perspective the political experience of the Mexican people north of the Rio Bravo.*1 It does this through narrative and interpretation. The narrative is chronological, topical, and thematic; it combines summary and analysis. The discussion moves through five decades and with several foci of analysis. People of Mexican descent comprise a distinct native group not solely because of ethnicity. They are a separate economic sector, a community that receives disparate treatment, and they have been concentrated for generations in a particular geographic area, what is today the United States Southwest. They have shared in governance and been denied participation in it. They are socialized both internally, or within the group, and by the dominant society. Moreover, examining the politics of Mexican Americans implicitly entails discussing their uniqueness as a group, and thus their exceptionality as compared to other groups. Yet as this is acknowledged, so, too, do the similarities to other political groups become evident.2 Academic interest has increased in both the areas of a reinvigorated political history and in the role of the ethnocultural communities within larger societies.
Picture 2Picture 3
*'The terms Mexican(o), Mexican descent, Mexican American, Hispano, and Chicano are used in an interchangeable way and also in distinct ways. The context in the narrative should clarify the usage.
Page 2
This study is within the scope of critical historical political studies and, as such, certain intentions are embodied.3 One intention is to reconstruct the relations of power, its exercise and sufferance, and relate them to a study of governance and civil society. Power both reflects and shapes what is social, the relationships between the economy, the family and community, the means of communication, the legal system, and institutions. That is, a number of areas of study and experience are subsumed. Power reflects the history of relationships of classes, relations of the state, and dissonance as opposition.
These are dialectical, not linear. The development of a political culture, social ideas, and context is noted. This development combines the political and social and is to be evaluated normatively, or rather, what is observed are structural aspects and purposeful behavior. This requires the study of many disciplines and how they relate to one another. There is only one history of society, and politics are part of this history. The basis of this study is inquiry into the social relations of production. Political practice, thought, and institutions are no less substantive than other aspects of social life. History, as the most encompassing of social sciences, the science of human societies, is the most useful in the study of the political, strengthened by contributions from all the other sciences and humanities. Political history may emphasize the behavior of elites, but it is the mass context, impact, and consequence that are significant. Political history involves breadth, scope, and depth. The intent is to elucidate reality through empirical investigation. The history of society requires new and established models and techniques suitable for the study of the individual and the mass, the present and the past. A critical outlook is indispensable to the narrative, but more importantly there is a need for a critical scrutiny involving judgment and comparison, a questioning of hypotheses, their context, and the investigator. Facts, events, discourse, and the world are dialecticaland so must be their study.
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