R. Lee Lyman - White goats, white lies: the misuse of science in Olympic National Park
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White goats, white lies: the misuse of science in Olympic National Park
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White Goats, White Lies : The Abuse of Science in Olympic National Park
author
:
Lyman, R. Lee.
publisher
:
University of Utah Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0874805554
print isbn13
:
9780874805550
ebook isbn13
:
9780585129747
language
:
English
subject
Rocky Mountain goat--Washington (State)--Olympic National Park, Wildlife management--Washington (State)--Olympic National Park.
publication date
:
1998
lcc
:
QL737.U53L93 1998eb
ddc
:
639.97/9648
subject
:
Rocky Mountain goat--Washington (State)--Olympic National Park, Wildlife management--Washington (State)--Olympic National Park.
Page iii
White Goats, White Lies
The Misuse of Science in Olympic National Park
R. Lee Lyman
The University Of Utah Press Salt Lake City
Page iv
1998 By The University of Utah Press
All rights reserved
Printed on acid-free paper
Lyman, R. Lee.
White goats, white lies : the abuse of science in Olympic National
Park / R. Lee Lyman.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.
ISBN 0-87480-555-4 (alk. paper)
1. Rocky Mountain goatWashington (State)Olympic National Park.
2. Wildlife managementWashington (State)Olympic National Park.
I. Title.
QL737.U53L93 1998
639.97'9648dc21 97-46727
Page v
Contents
Preface
vii
1. Introduction
1
2. Wildlife Management, Science, and the National Park Service
17
3. Populations
37
4. Plants
65
5. Wallows, Publishing, Factoids, and Emotions
91
6. History, Ethnography, and Archaeology
115
Plates: following page
148
7. On the Historical Biogeography of the Olympic Peninsula
149
8. Management of White Goats
203
Appendix
225
References
237
Index
275
Page vii
Preface
In October 1993 Roger and Cathy Sue Anunsen, Keith and Antje Gunnar, and I went out to dinner in Seattle. I had just finished presenting the results of a research project in which I documented the inadequacy of the fossil and archaeological evidence for concluding that mountain goats were never present in the Olympic Mountains prior to 1925. While the Anunsens and I had met briefly before, this was our first opportunity to compare our perceptions of how Olympic National Park was managing the mountain goats found on park lands. As we shared stories, our disbelief grew. Why was the public apparently being misled and being denied access to what we believed to be public information?
The publicthrough its tax paymentswas subsidizing the activities of researchers affiliated with Olympic National Park, part of the U.S. Department of the Interior's National Park Service. Olympic National Park personnel said that the scientific evidence was thorough and conclusive. That was not at all our perception. While the five of us disagreed on some of the implications of the scientific evidence, we clearly shared the opinion that someone had to point out the discrepancies between what the agency was saying about the scientific evidence and what that scientific evidence actually seemed to indicate.
All of us had been involved with the controversy surrounding the management of mountain goats on the Olympic Peninsula for several years. Being professional wildlife photographers, the Gunnars owed a substantial portion of their livelihood to the goats. They knew the back country of the Olympics as well as anyone, and they had discovered some evidence that seemed to contradict the findings of the park researchers.
The Anunsens were appointed to the park's advisory committee on mountain-goat management in 1987, but quickly found that "management" of the mountain goats did not seem to be the correct term: "elimination" was the operative word. They attended several park-sponsored
Page viii
open public hearings on the controversy, only to be told that the public could not ask certain questions and in some cases could not even comment on the controversy. The park service responded to their efforts to question this type of management of public resources with half-truths and apparent attempts to hide critical information.
My involvement in the controversy began because of an interest in the scientific evidence. In the 1970s and 1980s the park personnel believed that mountain goats had never lived in the Olympic Mountains and that the goats that were currently found there were the descendants of goats introduced in the 1920s. Thus, those goats were aliens and exoticsand National Park Service policy is that exotics are to be removed from park lands.
Given my understanding of the historic biogeography of North American mammals and my knowledge of the fossil record, I suspected that the belief that goats had never lived in the mountains was founded on negative evidence. I published a paper to that effect in 1988. The firestorm of activity that my paper helped create in the early 1990s prompted me to examine other lines of evidence that park personnel were using to justify their plans to eradicate the goats before the turn of the century. Again, I found that this evidence was not always what park researchers said it was. This volume reviews and evaluates much of the evidence.
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Printed on acid-free paper