Poh Choon Ooi - Enhanced Carbon-Based Materials and Their Applications

1. Chapter 2
2. Chapter 4
3. Chapter 6
4. Chapter 7
5. Chapter 8

1. Chapter 1
2. Chapter 2
3. Chapter 3
4. Chapter 4
5. Chapter 5
6. Chapter 6
7. Chapter 7
8. Chapter 8
9. Chapter 9

Edited by Poh Choon Ooi, Mengying Xie, and Chang Fu Dee

Editors

Dr. Poh Choon Ooi

Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN)

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi, Selangor

Malaysia

Dr. Mengying Xie

State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instrument

College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering

Tianjin University

Tianjin, 300072

China

Dr. Chang Fu Dee

Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN)

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi, Selangor

Malaysia

Cover: Andrey Suslov/Shutterstock

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Print ISBN: 9783527348022

ePDF ISBN: 9783527829668

ePub ISBN: 9783527829675

oBook ISBN: 9783527829682

Carbon has drawn the attention of global researchers because of its dimensional structural flexibility, which can be transformed into different materials according to sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridization. Moreover, its outstanding mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical properties have been extensively employed in designing and developing from the conventional macro realm for structural, mechanical, and chemical reinforcement/strengthen applications, down to micro/nanodomain, primarily material doping, conductivity, and mobility modulation until all carbon electronics and integrated circuits. Their applications expand crossdisciplinary into physics, chemistry, and biological subjects. Such diverse carbon material applications are not possible to be covered in a book or even in a book series. Therefore, we focus on specific frontier applications of carbonbased smart electronic materials for certain latest advanced areas. This book is intended to provide information about the introduction to the latest development of carbonbased materials, preparation methods, functionalization, and applications of carbonbased nanomaterials. The discussion extends to the sensor, piezoelectric, thermoelectric, actuator, nonvolatile memory ( NVM ), optoelectronic, energy harvesting, and display applications.

This book begins with an overview of carbonbased materials and their synthesis methods in highlights the recent advances in chemically modified and functionalized lowdimensional carbonbased nanomaterials, especially fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. The enhanced intrinsic properties of these functional nanomaterials in optoelectronics, strainpressure, and gassensing applications are also presented.

Advanced topics of enhanced carbonbased materials and their applications are presented in summarizes the overview of this book and the future prospects and challenges of enhanced carbonbased nanomaterials to be overcome before the largescale production of carbonbased products.

In a nutshell, we hope that the broad spectrum of readers, particularly the scientific and industrial community, will find this book helpful to gain valuable experience and references related to enhanced carbonbased materials and their applications.

18 April 2022

Poh Choon Ooi

Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN)

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi

Selangor

Malaysia

Mengying Xie

State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instrument

College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering

Tianjin University

Tianjin 300072

China

Chang Fu Dee

Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN)

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi

Selangor

Malaysia

Poh Choon Ooi

Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instrument, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

This book entitled Enhanced CarbonBased Materials and Their Applications intends to deliver the synthesis methods and role of carbonbased materials that can be introduced into the device to enhance the performance of several types of electronic devices. The theme of this book is multidisciplinary and provides the broader scientific and industrial community with a timely and carefully referenced overview that provides a summary of carbonbased materials and applications. The book has been written in style to make it accessible for academics to provide an overview of synthesis methods and characterization techniques of carbon nanomaterials. On the other hand, this book also demonstrates the various reported applications for carbonbased and enhanced materials for professionals.

Carbon is the 4th most abundant element in the universe and the foundation of life, despite the various elements on the Earth. Its existence extended from nonliving substances to living objects. All organic substances that are found in nature consist of carbon. It has unique physical and chemical properties in multiple forms .

Diamond shows sp3 hybrid orbitals, consisting of a tetrahedron network of carbon atoms. It can be naturally formed under prolonged high pressure and high temperature. In the sp3 hybridized form, the C atom and adjacent C atom are linked up by covalent bonds. Consequently, it leads to a strong bonding and tetrahedral atomic arrangement that allows the diamond to be the hardest substrate among others. Diamond is a colorless transparent substrate, which is heavy and extremely hard. It does not conduct electricity but has high thermal conductivity and melting point. In addition, diamond has high resistance to chemical corrosion. For more than one century, this special allotrope of carbon has only been used as a precious stone in making jewelry, ornaments, and glass cutters. Nonetheless, recent scientific development has extended its application into medical science, material science, semiconductor, and nanotechnology [].